第96篇 齐王使使者问赵威后

出处:战国策·齐策四

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📜 原文(文言文)

齐王使使者问赵威后。书未发,威后问使者曰:“岁亦无恙邪?民亦无恙邪?王亦无恙邪?”使者不说,曰:“臣奉使使威后,今不问王,而先问岁与民,岂先贱而后尊贵者乎?”威后曰:“不然。苟无岁,何以有民?苟无民,何以有君?故有问,舍本而问末者耶?”乃进而问之曰:“齐有处士曰钟离子,无恙耶?是其为人也,有粮者亦食,无粮者亦食;有衣者亦衣,无衣者亦衣。是助王养其民也,何以至今不业也?叶阳子无恙乎?是其为人,哀鳏寡,恤孤独,振困穷,补不足。是助王息其民者也,何以至今不业也?北宫之女婴儿子无恙耶?彻其环瑱,至老不嫁,以养父母。是皆率民而出于孝情者也,胡为至今不朝也?此二士弗业,一女不朝,何以王齐国、子万民乎?於陵子仲尚存乎?是其为人也,上不臣于王,下不治其家,中不索交诸侯。此率民而出于无用者,何为至今不杀乎?”

📖 白话文翻译

The King of Qi sent an envoy to pay his respects to Queen Dowager Zhao. Before the letter was even opened, the Queen Dowager asked the envoy, "How fare the harvests of Qi this year? How fare the people? And how fares the King of Qi as well?" The envoy, displeased, replied, "I have come by the King of Qi's command to pay my respects to Your Grace. Yet now you ask not first of the King, but of the harvests and the people—is this not to place the lowly before the noble?" The Queen Dowager said, "Not so. Without the harvests, how could there be people? Without the people, how could there be a sovereign? Thus in asking, how could one set aside the root and inquire first of the branches?" Then she went further, asking, "There is a recluse in Qi named Zhongli Zi—is he well? This man's conduct is such: to those who have grain, he gives food; to those who have none, he also gives food. To those who have clothing, he gives garments; to those who have none, he also gives garments. This is to aid the sovereign in nurturing his people—why has he not yet been summoned to office to achieve merit? And Yang Yang Zi—is he well? This man's conduct is such: he pities widowers and widows, comforts orphans and the childless aged, relieves the destitute, and supplies those in want. This is to aid the sovereign in giving the people peace and prosperity—why has he not yet been brought into service? And the daughter of the Beigong family, Ying'er Zi—is she well? She has removed her ornaments, and to the end of her days will not marry, in order to tend to her parents. This is to lead the people in the way of filial piety—why has she not yet been granted an audience at court? These two worthy men remain unsummoned to office, and one filial daughter remains unadmitted to court—by what means does the King of Qi rule his state and cherish his myriad people? And Zi Zhong of Yuling—is he still alive? This man's conduct is such: above, he does not serve the sovereign as a minister; below, he does not govern his own household; in between, he does not befriend the feudal lords. This is to lead the people toward uselessness—why has he not yet been executed?"

💡 商战启示录

Queen Zhao Wei's sequence of questioning reveals a core business wisdom: customers and employees are the foundation, while management is secondary. In modern business, many enterprises invert this priority, placing CEO or shareholder interests above all else while neglecting frontline employees and end customers, ultimately leading to brand collapse. For instance, a well-known technology company once cut customer service costs in pursuit of excessive profits, resulting in a surge of user complaints, declining reputation, and plummeting stock prices—until it regained its footing by prioritizing user experience. What Queen Wei emphasized—"the harvest and the people"—corresponds to "market conditions and employees/customers" in business. Only with a solid foundation can an enterprise sustain growth. Furthermore, Queen Wei's recommendations to appoint Zhong Lizi and Ye Yangzi highlight the importance of talent identification and motivation—enterprises should proactively seek out and elevate those who contribute quietly and create social value, rather than merely judging by titles or seniority. Her criticism of Zi Zhong, meanwhile, serves as a warning for enterprises to eliminate the "useless ones" who are passive, disruptive, and corrosive to organizational culture, thereby maintaining vitality. In sum, managers should, like Queen Zhao Wei, first ask about "the harvest" and "the people" before asking about "themselves"—that is, first examine market feedback and team morale, then review leadership decisions. This is the true path to enduring success.