第310篇 秦攻赵赵王请救于齐

出处:战国策·秦策五

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📜 原文(文言文)

秦攻赵,赵王请救于齐。齐王曰:“必以长安君为质,兵乃出。”太后不肯,大臣强谏。太后明谓左右:“有复言令长安君为质者,老妇必唾其面。”左师触龙愿见太后,盛气而揖之。入而徐趋,至而自谢曰:“老臣病足,曾不能疾走,不得见久矣,窃自恕,而恐太后玉体之有所郄也,故愿望见太后。”太后曰:“老妇恃辇而行。”曰:“日食饮得无衰乎?”曰:“恃粥耳。”曰:“老臣今者殊不欲食,乃自强步,日三四里,少益耆食,和于身。”太后曰:“老妇不能。”太后之色少解。左师公曰:“老臣贱息舒祺,最少,不肖,而臣衰,窃爱怜之,愿令得补黑衣之数,以卫王宫。没死以闻。”太后曰:“敬诺。年几何矣?”对曰:“十五岁矣。虽少,愿及未填沟壑而托之。”太后曰:“丈夫亦爱怜其少子乎?”对曰:“甚于妇人。”太后笑曰:“妇人异甚。”对曰:“老臣窃以为媪之爱燕后贤于长安君。”曰:“君过矣,不若长安君之甚。”左师公曰:“父母之爱子,则为之计深远。媪之送燕后也,持其踵,为之泣,念悲其远也,亦哀之矣。已行,非弗思也,祭祀必祝之,祝曰:‘必勿使反。’岂非计久长,有子孙相继为王也哉?”太后曰:“然。”左师公曰:“今三世以前,至于赵之为赵,赵主之子孙侯者,其继有在者乎?”曰:“无有。”曰:“微独赵,诸侯有在者乎?”曰:“老妇不闻也。”“此其近者祸及身,远者及其子孙。岂人主之子孙则必不善哉?位尊而无功,奉厚而无劳,而挟重器多也。今媪尊长安君之位,而封之以膏腴之地,多予之重器,而不及今令有功于国,一旦山陵崩,长安君何以自托于赵?老臣以媪为长安君计短也,故以为其爱不若燕后。”太后曰:“诺,恣君之所使之。”于是为长安君约车百乘,质于齐,齐兵乃出。

📖 白话文翻译

The state of Qin attacked Zhao, and the King of Zhao sought aid from Qi. The King of Qi said, "Only if Chang'an Jun is sent as a hostage will I dispatch troops." The Queen Dowager of Zhao refused to consent, and the ministers remonstrated with her earnestly. She said plainly to those around her, "If anyone again proposes sending Chang'an Jun as a hostage, this old woman will spit in his face!" The Master of the Left, Chu Long, requested an audience, and the Queen Dowager awaited him in a fury. Upon entering, Chu Long advanced with slow, halting steps, and when he reached her, he apologized, saying, "Your servant's feet are afflicted and cannot move swiftly; it has been long since I came to pay my respects. I have privately excused myself, yet ever have I been concerned lest Your Majesty's precious health suffer any discomfort, and so I have come to see you." The Queen Dowager said, "This old woman relies on the carriage for movement." Chu Long asked, "May I inquire whether your daily fare has diminished?" She replied, "I subsist on porridge alone." Chu Long said, "Your servant of late has had little desire for food, and so I force myself to take short walks, some three or four li each day, which have slightly sharpened my appetite and rendered my body more at ease." The Queen Dowager said, "This old woman cannot do likewise." Her countenance softened somewhat. Chu Long then said, "Your servant has a son named Shu Qi, the youngest of my children, and though he is unworthy, I, being advanced in years, dote on him privately. I venture to request that he be permitted to fill a place among the palace guards, to protect the royal residence. I make this plea at the risk of death." The Queen Dowager said, "Very well. How old is he?" Chu Long replied, "Fifteen years. Though still young, I wish to entrust him to Your Majesty before I am laid in the earth." The Queen Dowager said, "Do men also dote on their youngest sons?" Chu Long answered, "More so than women." The Queen Dowager laughed and said, "Women are especially doting." Chu Long said, "Your servant privately holds that Your Majesty's love for the Queen of Yan surpasses your love for Chang'an Jun." The Queen Dowager said, "You are mistaken; my love for him is deeper." Chu Long said, "When parents love their children, they plan far for them. When you sent the Queen of Yan away in marriage, you clasped her heels and wept, grieving over her distant union—this was your pity for her. After her departure, though you thought of her, yet at every sacrifice you prayed, saying, 'Let her not be sent back.' Is this not planning far for her, hoping that her descendants might succeed one another as rulers?" The Queen Dowager said, "It is so." Chu Long asked, "From the present counting back three generations, to the time when the Zhao house established its state, are there any among the descendants of Zhao's rulers who were enfeoffed as lords whose heirs still hold their positions?" The Queen Dowager said, "There are none." Chu Long said, "Not only in Zhao—in other feudal states, are there any such heirs in power?" The Queen Dowager said, "I have not heard of any." Chu Long said, "This is because calamity near at hand falls upon their own persons, and calamity distant falls upon their descendants. Are the descendants of rulers necessarily unworthy? It is because they hold high station without merit, enjoy rich emoluments without service, and possess many precious things. Now you elevate Chang'an Jun to honor, enfeoff him with fertile lands, and bestow upon him many precious objects, yet you do not let him render service to the state while the opportunity is at hand. Once you have passed away, on what grounds shall Chang'an Jun stand in Zhao? Your servant deems your plans for Chang'an Jun shallow, and therefore holds that your love for him is less than your love for the Queen of Yan." The Queen Dowager said, "Very well; I shall do as you direct." Thereupon a hundred chariots were prepared for Chang'an Jun, and he was sent to Qi as a hostage, whereupon Qi dispatched troops to rescue Zhao.

💡 商战启示录

The strategy of Chu Long in persuading Queen Zhao of Zhao stands as a classic case of "long-term value investment" in modern commercial warfare. By forging emotional resonance through shared parental affection, he established trust, then employed "risk hedging" reasoning to argue: if the Lord of Chang'an were to enjoy high position solely by birthright without tangible achievements, his standing upon the Queen's demise would be like a tree without roots, vulnerable to overthrow at any moment. This serves as a cautionary tale for modern enterprises, particularly family businesses or founder-led teams—if successors ascend through lineage or seniority alone, lacking practical experience and a track record of performance, the succession of the enterprise faces grave peril. For instance, the founder of a renowned technology company mandated that his children begin from grassroots positions, participate in core projects, and independently lead business lines, precisely to help them accumulate "merit" and avert organizational turmoil arising from "position exceeding virtue." In business, rather than resting on inherited privilege, one should proactively engage in market competition to build personal and corporate core competitiveness. Chu Long's persuasive technique also merits emulation: rather than directly refuting the other party, he guided with empathy, proposing solutions from the angle of "acting in your best interest," ultimately achieving a win-win outcome. In modern business negotiations, this communication strategy of "retreating to advance, binding interests" often proves more effective than coercive pressure, transforming counterparts from "reluctant concession" to "voluntary mutual benefit."