第311篇 秦攻赵蔺相如使于齐

出处:战国策·秦策五

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📜 原文(文言文)

秦攻赵,蔺相如使于齐,以救赵。齐王曰:“寡人闻赵王好音,请奏瑟。”蔺相如曰:“赵王好音,大王亦好音,请奏瑟。”齐王不悦,曰:“赵王好音,何如?”蔺相如曰:“赵王好音,大王亦好音,故使臣来。”齐王乃使赵王鼓瑟,蔺相如因请齐王击缶。齐王怒,不肯。蔺相如曰:“五步之内,相如请得以颈血溅大王矣!”左右欲刃相如,相如张目叱之,左右皆靡。于是齐王不怿,为一击缶。相如顾召赵御史书曰:“某年月日,秦王为赵王击缶。”秦之群臣曰:“请以赵十五城为秦王寿。”蔺相如亦曰:“请以秦之咸阳为赵王寿。”秦王竟酒,终不能加胜于赵。赵亦盛设兵以待秦,秦不敢动。既罢归国,以相如功大,拜为上卿,位在廉颇之右。

📖 白话文翻译

The state of Qin attacked Zhao, and Lin Xiangru was sent as an envoy to Qi to request aid for Zhao. The King of Qi said, "I have heard that the King of Zhao delights in music—let him play the se for me." Lin Xiangru replied, "The King of Zhao delights in music, and Your Majesty delights in it as well—let Your Majesty play the se." The King of Qi, displeased, said, "The King of Zhao delights in music—what of it?" Lin Xiangru answered, "The King of Zhao delights in music, and Your Majesty delights in it too—therefore I have been sent here." The King of Qi then had the King of Zhao play the se, whereupon Lin Xiangru seized the moment to request that the King of Qi strike the fou. The King of Qi, enraged, refused. Lin Xiangru said, "Within five paces, I, Lin Xiangru, beg to let the blood of my neck splatter upon Your Majesty!" The King of Qi's guards sought to kill Lin Xiangru, but he glared fiercely and shouted them down, and all the guards fell back. Thus the King of Qi, greatly vexed, struck the fou once for Lin Xiangru's sake. Lin Xiangru turned and summoned the Zhao recorder, instructing him to note: "On such-and-such a year, month, and day, the King of Qin struck the fou for the King of Zhao." The ministers of Qin then said, "Let fifteen cities of Zhao be offered to honor the King of Qin." Lin Xiangru likewise said, "Let Xianyang of Qin be offered to honor the King of Zhao." Until the banquet concluded, the King of Qin could never gain the upper hand over Zhao. Zhao also marshaled its troops in great number to stand guard against Qin, and Qin dared not act rashly. Upon returning to Zhao afterward, because Lin Xiangru's merit was great, he was appointed Senior Minister, his rank placed above that of Lian Po.

💡 商战启示录

Lin Xiangru, faced with the unreasonable demands of the King of Qi, did not yield but responded with a strategy of reciprocity, adopting a resolute stance at critical moments to compel the other side to concede. This embodies the principles of "reciprocity" and "bottom-line thinking" in business negotiation. In modern commercial warfare, when partners propose harsh terms, enterprises should avoid making unilateral concessions and instead put forward reciprocal demands to safeguard their own interests. For instance, in the intellectual property litigation between Apple and Qualcomm, Apple sued over Qualcomm's exorbitant patent fees and rallied regulatory pressure from multiple countries, ultimately forcing Qualcomm to adjust its fee structure. Apple did not accept the other party's aggressive terms but achieved a reciprocal contest through legal and negotiation strategies. Furthermore, Lin Xiangru's resolute stance of "spilling his blood upon the King" serves as a reminder to entrepreneurs to possess the courage of "burning one's boats" at pivotal junctures—holding firm to core interests and avoiding the loss of long-term advantages through short-term compromise. At the same time, his adept use of rules and records (such as having the court historian document events) underscores the importance for enterprises to prioritize contract and evidence management, leaving favorable written records during negotiations to strengthen their bargaining power.