Calendering / Polishing

Calendering / Polishing is a common surface treatment term in foreign trade, referring to the process of making a material's surface smooth, glossy, or textured through mechanical or chemical methods. It is widely used in industries such as textiles, plastics, paper, and metals. Calendering specifically refers to smoothing or embossing a material's surface through roller pressing, often used for fabrics and plastic films; Polishing is more general, referring to grinding and polishing to make a surface shiny. Usage scenarios: quality clauses in export contracts, product specifications, letter of credit descriptions, etc. Notes: The specific process (e.g., cold calendering, hot calendering), gloss level, and whether single-sided or double-sided treatment must be specified to avoid confusion with 'Embossing' and 'Coating'. Difference: Polishing focuses on surface smoothness, embossing focuses on three-dimensional patterns, and coating focuses on a covering layer. In foreign trade, buyers should be asked to provide samples or standards, and acceptance criteria should be stated in the contract to prevent disputes.