第323篇 秦攻赵赵王使虞卿

出处:战国策·秦策五

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📜 原文(文言文)

秦攻赵,赵王使虞卿见秦王。虞卿至秦,秦王曰:“赵之粟,赵之兵,赵之民,皆非秦敌也。寡人欲以赵为城下之盟,赵王其许之乎?”虞卿曰:“大王之欲以赵为城下之盟,非所以利赵也,亦非所以利秦也。臣闻之:争城以战,杀人盈城;争地以战,杀人盈野。今大王之攻赵,赵虽小弱,然其民皆习于兵,勇于守,且赵之地,非易攻也。大王之兵,久暴露于外,臣恐秦之民力将困,而诸侯之兵且乘其弊也。大王若欲和,不如割赵之三城以和,赵必喜,而秦亦得休息。若大王必欲灭赵,则赵必悉其兵以拒秦,胜负未可知也。且诸侯之救赵者,必且至矣。臣窃为大王计,不如割地而和,以安赵心,而息秦兵。”秦王曰:“善。”乃割赵三城以和。赵王闻之,喜曰:“虞卿之言,信乎其能存赵也。”

📖 白话文翻译

The state of Qin launched an assault upon the state of Zhao, and the King of Zhao dispatched Yu Qing to seek an audience with the King of Qin. Upon Yu Qing's arrival in Qin, the King of Qin declared, "Zhao's grain, its armies, and its people are no match for those of Qin. I wish to compel Zhao to conclude a covenant beneath the city walls—will your sovereign consent?" Yu Qing replied, "If Your Majesty seeks to force Zhao into such a pact beneath the walls, it would benefit neither Zhao nor Qin. I have heard it said: when contending for a city, battle fills it with the slain; when contending for territory, battle strews the fields with corpses. Now Your Majesty attacks Zhao—though Zhao be weak, its people are versed in warfare and resolute in defense, and its lands are not easily taken. Should Your Majesty's forces remain long exposed in the field, I fear Qin's strength will be exhausted, and the armies of the feudal lords will seize the moment to strike at Qin's weariness. If Your Majesty desires peace, it would be better to have Zhao cede three cities as a gesture of accord—Zhao will surely rejoice, and Qin may gain respite. But if Your Majesty insists on annihilating Zhao, then Zhao will marshal every ounce of strength to resist Qin, and victory or defeat shall hang in the balance. Moreover, the allied relief forces of the feudal lords will inevitably arrive. For Your Majesty's own sake, I privately counsel that ceding territory and suing for peace would soothe Zhao's heart and grant Qin's troops their needed rest." The King of Qin responded, "Well spoken." Thereupon he permitted Zhao to cede three cities to conclude the peace. When the King of Zhao learned of this, he said with delight, "Truly, the words of Yu Qing have preserved the state of Zhao."

💡 商战启示录

Yu Qing's negotiating wisdom holds profound relevance for modern business. He did not simply adopt a posture of weakness; rather, he analyzed the consequences of "mutual ruin" from the other party's perspective, pointing out that an aggressive assault might invite third-party intervention—just as the feudal lords came to Zhao's rescue—much like how excessive pressure on a competitor in commercial warfare can provoke industry alliances or regulatory involvement. For instance, when Google withdrew from the Chinese market for insisting on its own rules, Microsoft managed to retain its market presence through compromise and localized partnerships. Yu Qing's proposal of "ceding three cities" as a middle-ground solution resembles the "win-win" strategy in business negotiations—voluntarily conceding certain interests in exchange for long-term stability. Huawei, for example, accepted compliance reviews in overseas markets, making concessions yet avoiding a total ban. At the same time, he cautioned King Zhao of Qin about the attrition of "prolonged exposure in the field," which corresponds to the unsustainability of prolonged price wars or resource-depletion battles in business, reminding managers to assess the costs of a war of endurance. Ultimately, Yu Qing's goal of "preserving Zhao" was not total victory, but safeguarding core interests at minimal cost—a reminder to modern enterprises that in competition, preserving one's strength and seeking timely reconciliation often serves strategic interests better than the pursuit of absolute triumph. True wisdom lies in perceiving the broader picture and avoiding deeper crises born of short-term greed.