第281篇 孟尝君问门下诸客

出处:战国策·齐策六

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📜 原文(文言文)

孟尝君问门下诸客:“谁习计会,能为文收责于薛者乎?”冯谖署曰:“能。”孟尝君怪之,曰:“此谁也?”左右曰:“乃歌夫长铗归来者也。”孟尝君笑曰:“客果有能也,吾负之,未尝见也。”请而见之,谢曰:“文倦于事,愦于忧,而性懦愚,沉于国家之事,开罪于先生。先生不羞,乃有意欲为收责于薛乎?”冯谖曰:“愿之。”于是约车治装,载券契而行。辞曰:“责毕收,以何市而反?”孟尝君曰:“视吾家所寡有者。”驱而之薛,使吏召诸民当偿者,悉来合券。券遍合,起,矫命以责赐诸民,因烧其券,民称万岁。长驱到齐,晨而求见。孟尝君怪其疾也,衣冠而见之,曰:“责毕收乎?来何疾也!”曰:“收毕矣。”“以何市而反?”冯谖曰:“君云‘视吾家所寡有者’。臣窃计,君宫中积珍宝,狗马实外厩,美人充下陈。君家所寡有者,以义耳!窃以为君市义。”孟尝君曰:“市义奈何?”曰:“今君有区区之薛,不拊爱子其民,因而贾利之。臣窃矫君命,以责赐诸民,因烧其券,民称万岁。乃臣所以为君市义也。”孟尝君不说,曰:“诺,先生休矣!”后期年,齐王谓孟尝君曰:“寡人不敢以先王之臣为臣。”孟尝君就国于薛,未至百里,民扶老携幼,迎君道中。孟尝君顾谓冯谖:“先生所为文市义者,乃今日见之。”

📖 白话文翻译

Lord Mengchang asked his retainers, "Who among you is versed in accounting and can go to Xue to collect the debts for me?" Feng Xuan signed his name and said, "I can." Surprised, Lord Mengchang asked, "Who is this?" His attendants replied, "It is the one who sang 'Long sword, return!'" Lord Mengchang laughed and said, "This retainer indeed has talent; I have treated him poorly and have not yet met him." He then invited Feng Xuan to see him and apologized, saying, "I have been wearied by state affairs, troubled by anxieties, and being naturally weak and foolish, I have been immersed in national matters, thus offending you, sir. You do not take this as a shame, and are still willing to go to Xue to collect debts for me?" Feng Xuan said, "I am willing." Thereupon, carriages and horses were prepared, luggage was arranged, and the debt contracts were loaded. As he took his leave, he asked, "After the debts are collected, what shall I buy on my return?" Lord Mengchang said, "See what my household lacks." Feng Xuan drove swiftly to Xue, dispatched officials to summon the people who owed debts, and had all the contracts verified. When all were checked, Feng Xuan rose and, falsely claiming Lord Mengchang's command, bestowed the debt payments upon the people, then burned the contracts, and the people shouted, "Long live!" Feng Xuan sped back to Qi and sought an audience with Lord Mengchang at dawn. Lord Mengchang, astonished at his swift return, donned his robes and cap to receive him, saying, "Have the debts been fully collected? Why have you returned so quickly!" Feng Xuan said, "They are collected." "What did you buy?" Feng Xuan replied, "You said, 'See what my household lacks.' I privately considered that your palace is piled with treasures, your stables are filled with horses and hounds, and your halls are lined with beauties. What your household truly lacks is only 'righteousness'! So I privately bought righteousness for you." Lord Mengchang asked, "What does buying righteousness mean?" Feng Xuan said, "Now you hold the small fief of Xue, yet you do not cherish the people but profit from them like a merchant. I privately assumed your command, bestowed the debts upon the people, and burned the contracts. The people shouted, 'Long live!' This is the righteousness I bought for you." Lord Mengchang was displeased and said, "Enough, sir, let it be!" A year later, the King of Qi said to Lord Mengchang, "I dare not regard the minister of my late father as my own." Lord Mengchang had no choice but to return to his fief in Xue. Before he had traveled a hundred li, the people, carrying the young and supporting the old, came to welcome him on the road. Lord Mengchang turned to Feng Xuan and said, "The righteousness you bought for me, sir, I have witnessed today."

💡 商战启示录

Feng Xuan's act of burning the debt contracts to win the people's hearts stands as an ancient paradigm of "long-term value investment" in modern commerce. By forgoing short-term debt recovery, he invested instead in popular sentiment and brand reputation, ultimately reaping substantial returns when Lord Mengchang fell from power. This offers a profound lesson for contemporary enterprises: an excessive pursuit of short-term profits may erode customer relationships and brand loyalty, whereas strategic concessions and customer care—"purchasing goodwill"—can build an intangible yet invaluable asset of trust. For instance, Haidilao invests heavily in service to deliver experiences that exceed expectations; though this appears to increase costs in the short run, it earns customer word-of-mouth and repeat patronage, forging a durable competitive edge. Similarly, Amazon in its early years operated at a loss, subsidizing users while prioritizing customer experience, and ultimately built an e-commerce empire. Feng Xuan's wisdom lay in discerning what was truly scarce—what Lord Mengchang lacked was not wealth, but moral support. Modern enterprises, too, should examine their own "scarcities": is it technological innovation, employee belonging, or social responsibility? By relinquishing immediate gains in exchange for the long-term health of the ecosystem, they can secure, in times of crisis, the kind of user loyalty and stakeholder support that greeted Lord Mengchang's return. This strategy underscores that true business acumen requires balancing financial metrics with intangible assets, charting the future with far-sighted vision.