第280篇 孟尝君出行国至楚

出处:战国策·齐策六

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📜 原文(文言文)

孟尝君出行国至楚,楚王遗之象床。之登徒直送之,不欲行,谓孟尝君门人公孙戍曰:“象床之直千金,苟伤之毫发,即卖妻子不足以偿也。足下能使仆无行者,有先人之宝剑,愿献之。”公孙戍曰:“诺。”入见孟尝君曰:“君岂受楚象床哉?”孟尝君曰:“然。”公孙戍曰:“小国所以皆致相印于君者,闻君于齐能振达贫穷,有存亡继绝之义。小国英桀之士,皆以国事累君,诚说君之义,慕君之廉也。今君到楚而受象床,所未为也。君受象床,则未至之国,将何以待君哉?”孟尝君曰:“善。”遂不受。公孙戍趋去,未至中闺,孟尝君召而反之,曰:“子教文无受象床,甚善。今何举足之高,志之扬也?”公孙戍曰:“臣有大喜,三:一曰百岁之后,臣有先人之宝剑,愿献之。”孟尝君曰:“何谓也?”公孙戍曰:“臣所载者,非象床也,乃楚王之所遗也。臣之谋,使君不受象床,是君之德也。臣窃计,君宫室皆以黄金为饰,而臣之先人宝剑,直百金,愿献之,以效愚忠。”孟尝君曰:“善。受之乎?”公孙戍曰:“未敢。”曰:“亟受之。”因书门版曰:“有能扬文之名,止文之过,私得宝于外者,疾入谏。”

📖 白话文翻译

When Lord Mengchang toured the various states and arrived in the kingdom of Chu, the King of Chu presented him with an ivory bed. The officer Dengtu, charged with escorting the bed, was reluctant to undertake the task, so he approached Gongsun Shu, a retainer of Lord Mengchang, and said, "This ivory bed is worth a thousand pieces of gold. Should it suffer even the slightest damage, not even selling my wife and children could compensate for it. If you can spare me this errand, I have a heirloom sword that I would gladly offer you." Gongsun Shu agreed. He then went in to see Lord Mengchang and said, "Do you truly intend to accept the ivory bed from the King of Chu?" Lord Mengchang replied, "Indeed." Gongsun Shu said, "The reason small states have all entrusted their seals of office to you is that they have heard you relieve the poor in Qi and uphold the great principles of preserving doomed states and continuing broken lineages. The finest talents of every nation have placed their affairs in your hands, truly admiring your righteousness and revering your incorruptibility. Now, upon arriving in Chu, if you accept an ivory bed, this is not the proper course. If you accept it, then what shall the states you have yet to visit offer you in kind?" Lord Mengchang said, "Well spoken." Thereupon, he declined the ivory bed. Gongsun Shu hurried away, but before he had reached the inner chambers, Lord Mengchang summoned him back and said, "You have advised me not to accept the ivory bed—excellent counsel. Yet why do you walk with such lofty strides and an air of exultation?" Gongsun Shu replied, "I have three great joys. First, among your many retainers, none dared to offer remonstrance. Second, my remonstrance was not met with your displeasure. Third, my counsel prevailed, enabling you to rise above covetousness for material wealth." Lord Mengchang asked, "What do these three joys signify?" Gongsun Shu answered, "If you had accepted the King of Chu's ivory bed, it would have tarnished your reputation; by declining it, you have manifested your virtue. That my counsel succeeded is the first joy. That you did not reproach me is the second. That you heeded my advice is the third." Lord Mengchang said, "Well spoken. Have you accepted the sword?" Gongsun Shu replied, "I dare not." Lord Mengchang said, "Hasten to accept it." Thereupon, Lord Mengchang inscribed on his gate: "Whoever can proclaim my virtue, correct my faults, and privately obtain treasures from without—let him come forthwith to offer counsel."

💡 商战启示录

Mengchang Jun's decision to decline the ivory bed embodies what modern business calls "reputation risk management." In commerce, every move a leader makes can become a benchmark for public and partner judgment, thus requiring a careful balance between short-term gains and long-term brand value. For instance, a well-known tech company CEO once sparked public controversy by accepting lavish gifts, leading to a drop in stock prices. Conversely, Huawei's Ren Zhengfei has insisted on staying unlisted and refraining from chasing short-term windfalls, focusing instead on long-term technological accumulation and customer trust, thereby building a formidable reputation in the global market. Gongsun Shu's admonition also highlights the importance of an "internal advisory mechanism," akin to a modern enterprise's compliance department or ethics committee, which helps avert potential reputational damage through risk alerts. Moreover, Mengchang Jun's subsequent public encouragement of remonstrance mirrors how companies foster an open feedback culture, urging employees to voice dissent for timely correction. In business negotiations, refusing undue benefits can enhance bargaining power and partner trust, just as Apple has declined government subsidies to preserve its independence. In sum, ancient wisdom reminds managers that reputation is an intangible asset—momentary greed can destroy years of accumulated brand value, while the courage to reject short-term temptations earns enduring market respect.