第252篇 齐王建入朝于秦

出处:战国策·齐策六

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📜 原文(文言文)

齐王建入朝于秦,雍门司马前曰:“所为立王者,为社稷耶?为王耶?”王曰:“为社稷。”司马曰:“为社稷立王,王何以去社稷而入秦?”王还车而反。即墨大夫闻之,见齐王曰:“齐地方数千里,带甲数百万。夫三晋大夫皆不便秦,而在阿、鄄之间者百数,王收而与之百万之众,使收三晋之故地,即临晋之关可以入矣。鄢、郢大夫不欲为秦,而在城南下者百数,王收而与之百万之师,使收楚故地,即武关可以入矣。如此,则齐威可立,秦国可亡,岂特保其国家而已哉?今王不听,是韩、魏之所以见欺于秦也。臣恐齐先为秦亡,而王为之禽也。”王不听。秦使陈驰诱齐王,内之,约与五百里之地。齐王不听即墨大夫而听陈驰,遂入秦。处之共松柏之间,饿而死。先是齐为之歌曰:“松邪!柏邪!住建共者,客耶!”

📖 白话文翻译

King Jian of Qi set out to pay homage to the state of Qin. Yongmen Sima stepped forward and said, "Was Your Majesty established for the sake of the state, or for Your Majesty's own sake?" The King of Qi replied, "For the sake of the state." Sima said, "Since the king was established for the state, why then does Your Majesty leave the state and go to Qin?" The King of Qi thereupon turned his carriage around and returned. When the Grand Master of Jimo heard of this, he came to see the King of Qi and said, "The territory of Qi stretches for several thousand li in every direction, and its armored soldiers number in the millions. The great officers of the Three Jin are unwilling to serve Qin; more than a hundred of them dwell between the cities of A and Juan. If Your Majesty takes them in and grants them a million troops, letting them recover the former lands of the Three Jin, then the pass of Linjin can be breached. The great officers of Yan and Ying are likewise unwilling to serve Qin; more than a hundred of them dwell south of the capital. If Your Majesty takes them in and grants them a million troops, letting them recover the former lands of Chu, then the pass of Wuguan can be breached. Should this come to pass, the might of Qi may be established, and Qin may be destroyed—how much more than merely preserving the state would this be? But if Your Majesty does not heed this counsel, it is precisely the fate by which Han and Wei were deceived by Qin. I fear that Qi will be the first to be destroyed by Qin, and that Your Majesty will be taken captive by Qin." The King of Qi did not listen. Qin sent Chen Chi to lure the King of Qi, inviting him to enter Qin and promising him five hundred li of territory. The King of Qi, disregarding the counsel of the Grand Master of Jimo but heeding Chen Chi, thereupon entered Qin. The King of Qin placed him among the pines and cypresses of Gongdi, where he ultimately died of starvation. Before this, someone in Qi had composed a ballad: "O pines! O cypresses! He who lodged the King of Qi at Gongdi was none other than his own guests!"

💡 商战启示录

This strategy reveals two iron laws of commerce: first, "strategic steadfastness," and second, "beware of gilded bait." King Jian of Qi was awakened by a single phrase from his Yongmen commander—"for the sake of the state"—which illustrates that a leader must clarify the fundamental purpose of an enterprise's existence: is it for the short-term interests of shareholders, or for the enduring foundation of a legacy? Ren Zhengfei of Huawei, who insists on a "customer-centric" approach and resists the temptations of capital speculation, embodies a modern interpretation of serving the state rather than serving the throne. Yet King Jian ultimately fell prey to Chen Chi's offer of "five hundred li of land," abandoning his home-ground advantage to venture deep into enemy territory, only to meet his demise and the ruin of his kingdom. This serves as a stark warning to entrepreneurs: when competitors extend seemingly generous terms of cooperation—be it merger overtures or technology licensing—one must calmly assess their true intentions. For instance, a Chinese tech company once received an investment proposal from an international giant under the guise of "market sharing," which in truth sought to seize its core data and distribution channels. To accept rashly would be no different from "entering court in Qin." The counsel of Jimo's grand officer corresponds to the strategy of "resource integration": skillfully harness the discontented forces within enemy ranks, unite all possible allies, and build a moat on one's own turf. The king's refusal to heed such advice mirrors the shortsightedness of enterprises that neglect their internal think tanks while placing undue trust in external "advisors." In the end, King Jian starved among the pines and cypresses, reminding us that in the arena of commerce, once autonomy and a home base are lost, even the most alluring promises become castles in the air. The truly formidable must first fortify their foundations before venturing afar—never staking their core interests as a wager, never lightly stepping onto another's chessboard.