第154篇 貂勃常恶田单

出处:战国策·齐策六

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📜 原文(文言文)

貂勃常恶田单,曰:“安平君,小人也。”安平君闻之,故为酒而召貂勃,曰:“单何以得罪于先生,故常见誉于朝?”貂勃曰:“跖之狗吠尧,非贵跖而贱尧也,狗固吠非其主也。且今使公孙子贤,而徐子不肖,然而使公孙子与徐子斗,徐子之狗,犹时攫公孙子之腓而噬之也。若乃得去不肖者,而为贤者狗,岂特攫其腓而噬之耳哉?”安平君曰:“敬闻命。”明日,任之于王。王有所幸臣九人之属,欲伤安平君,相与语于王曰:“燕之伐齐之时,楚王使将军将万人而佐齐。今国已定,而社稷已安矣,何不使使者谢于楚王?”王曰:“左右孰可?”九人之属曰:“貂勃可。”貂勃使楚,楚王觞而进之,数日不反。九人之属相与语于王曰:“夫一人身而牵留万乘者,岂不以据势也哉?且安平君之与王也,君臣无礼,而上下无别。且其志欲为不善,内牧百姓,循抚其心,振穷补不足,布德于民;外怀戎翟、天下之贤士,阴结诸侯之雄俊豪英,其志欲有为也。愿王之察之。”异日,而王曰:“召相单来。”田单免冠徒跣肉袒而进,退而请死罪。五日,而王曰:“子无罪于寡人,子为子之君义,子为子之臣忠,子无得罪于寡人,寡人有罪于子。”乃杀九人之属,而逐其家,益封安平君以夜邑万户。

📖 白话文翻译

Diao Bo frequently spoke ill of Tian Dan, saying, "The Lord of Anping is a petty man." When Tian Dan heard of this, he deliberately prepared a banquet and invited Diao Bo, asking, "How have I, Tian Dan, offended you, sir, that you should speak of me thus in the court so often?" Diao Bo replied, "The dog of Robber Zhi barked at Emperor Yao—not because it esteemed Robber Zhi and despised Yao, but because a dog naturally barks at those who are not its master. Moreover, if Gongsun Zi were worthy and Xu Zi were worthless, yet Gongsun Zi and Xu Zi were set to fight, Xu Zi's dog would still leap to bite Gongsun Zi's calf. If it could leave its worthless master and become the dog of a worthy man, it would not merely bite the calf—it would bite even more fiercely." Tian Dan said, "I understand your meaning." The next day, Tian Dan recommended Diao Bo to the King of Qi. The King of Qi had nine favored courtiers who wished to frame Tian Dan. Together they said to the King, "When Yan attacked Qi, the King of Chu once sent a general with ten thousand men to aid Qi. Now that the state is at peace and the altars of grain and earth are secure, why not send an envoy to thank the King of Chu?" The King asked, "Who may go?" The nine said, "Diao Bo may go." Diao Bo was dispatched to Chu, where the King of Chu feasted him and detained him for many days. The nine again said to the King, "Can one man hold in check the ruler of a great state—is this not by virtue of power? Moreover, between the Lord of Anping and Your Majesty, there is no propriety in the relations of ruler and minister, and no distinction between superior and inferior. In his heart he harbors designs of wrongdoing: at home he governs the people, pacifies their hearts, relieves the poor, supplies their deficiencies, and spreads kindness widely among the multitude; abroad he wins over the Rong and Di barbarians and the worthy men of the realm, secretly forging alliances with the heroes and champions among the feudal lords. His ambition is to accomplish something great. We hope Your Majesty will look into this." On a later day, the King said, "Summon the Prime Minister Tian Dan." Tian Dan removed his cap, bared his feet, and came forward with his upper body exposed. After withdrawing, he begged for the death penalty. Five days later, the King said, "You have not offended me. As a minister you have fulfilled loyalty and righteousness—you are without fault; the fault is mine." Thereupon he executed the nine favored courtiers, banished their families, and additionally enfeoffed Tian Dan with the fief of Yeyi, ten thousand households.

💡 商战启示录

Faced with Diao Bo's public defamation, Tian Dan did not wield his authority to suppress or retaliate, but instead took the initiative to host a banquet for dialogue, transforming hostility into understanding—even going so far as to recommend Diao Bo for office. This demonstrated the consummate wisdom of "turning enemies into allies." In modern business, this is akin to how an enterprise, when confronted with criticism from competitors or internal "troublemakers," would do better to listen to the logic or interests beneath their words rather than fight back—perhaps even absorbing their talents for its own benefit. For instance, when Steve Jobs returned to Apple, he did not settle scores with former CEO John Sculley, but instead focused on product innovation, letting success dissolve old grievances. After Tian Dan had won the trust of the King of Qi, when nine favored ministers conspired against him in unison, he did not rush to defend himself. Instead, he adopted the humble posture of "bareheaded and barefoot" to appear weak, biding his time until the King himself discerned loyalty from treachery—and ultimately turned defeat into victory. This teaches managers a lesson: when caught in workplace politics or a crisis of public opinion, a head-on clash often leaves both sides wounded, whereas a temporary retreat, preserving one's strength and letting facts speak for themselves, may ultimately win the greater trust. Moreover, Tian Dan's daily practice of "spreading virtue among the people and quietly forging bonds with the worthy" served as his amulet in times of crisis. Business leaders, too, should attend to brand reputation, customer loyalty, and key relationships in peacetime—for when crisis strikes, this "popular support" and these "allies" form the sturdiest bulwark. True business strategy is not merely confronting competition head-on; it is a long-term game of cultivating "hearts and minds" and "trust."