第155篇 田单将攻狄

出处:战国策·齐策六

语言: 中文 English Español 日本語 한국어 Tiếng Việt ไทย Русский

📜 原文(文言文)

田单将攻狄,往见鲁仲子。仲子曰:“将军攻狄,不能下也。”田单曰:“臣以五里之城,七里之郭,破亡余卒,破万乘之燕,复齐墟。攻狄而不下,何也?”上车弗谢而去,遂攻狄,三月而不克之也。齐婴儿谣曰:“大冠若箕,修剑拄颐,攻狄不能下,垒枯丘。”田单乃惧,问鲁仲子曰:“先生谓单不能下狄,请闻其说。”鲁仲子曰:“将军之在即墨,坐而织蒉,立则丈插,为士卒倡曰:‘无可往矣!宗庙亡矣!云曰尚矣!归于何党矣!’当此之时,将军有死之心,而士卒无生之气,闻若言,莫不挥泣奋臂而欲战,此所以破燕也。当今将军东有夜邑之奉,西有淄上之虞,黄金横带,而驰乎淄、渑之间,有生之乐,无死之心,所以不胜者也。”田单曰:“单有心,先生志之矣。”明日乃厉气循城,立于矢石之所,乃援枹鼓之,狄人乃下。

📖 白话文翻译

Tian Dan was about to attack the Di stronghold, and went to see Master Luzhong. Master Luzhong said, "General, if you attack Di, you will not take it." Tian Dan said, "With an inner city of five li and an outer city of seven li, I led the remnants of a defeated army, crushed Yan with its ten thousand chariots, and recovered the territory of Qi. Now you say I cannot take Di—why?" With that, he mounted his carriage and left without taking his leave. He then attacked Di, but after three months, it still had not fallen. The children of Qi sang a nursery rhyme: "A great cap like a winnowing basket, a long sword propping the chin—attacking Di, we cannot take it, and bleached bones pile into little hills." Only then did Tian Dan grow afraid, and he went to ask Master Luzhong, saying, "Sir, you said I could not take Di—please let me hear your reasoning." Master Luzhong replied, "When you were at Jimo, General, you sat and wove grass baskets, and when you stood, you took up the spade. You said to your soldiers: 'There is nowhere left to go! Our ancestral temples are destroyed! Our very souls are scattered! Where else can we return to?' At that time, you had the resolve to die, and your soldiers had no thought of survival. When they heard your words, there was not one who did not wipe away tears and roll up sleeves, eager to fight—that is why you could defeat Yan. But now, General, to the east you have the fief of Yi for your pleasure, and to the west the beauties of the Zi River for your amusement. You wear a belt of gold and gallop between the Zi and Mian rivers, knowing only the joy of living, without the resolve to face death—this is why you cannot prevail." Tian Dan said, "I have such resolve—remember it, sir." The next day, he roused his spirit, personally inspected the city walls, stood where arrows and stones fell thick, seized the drumstick and beat the advance, and only then was Di taken.

💡 商战启示录

Tian Dan's campaign against Di—first a defeat, then a victory—reveals the profound impact of a leader's shifting mindset at different stages on organizational performance. In modern business, this case mirrors the distinct challenges of the entrepreneurial phase versus the consolidation phase of a company. During the entrepreneurial phase, leaders like Tian Dan at Jimo, constrained by scarce resources and existential stakes, often ignite in their teams a fighting spirit of "crossing the Rubicon." This echoes how Huawei, in its early days facing global giants, drove its teams through adversity with a "wolf culture" and a heightened sense of crisis. However, when an enterprise enters its mature phase, leaders may become complacent, indulging in past achievements and comfort zones—much like Tian Dan, who reveled in the "rewards of Yiye and the pleasures of Zishang"—leading to internal friction and dwindling innovation. Nokia, at the zenith of its mobile phone dominance, overlooked shifting trends and was ultimately disrupted by competitors. Lu Zhonglian's admonition awakened Tian Dan, serving as a timely reminder to modern entrepreneurs to perpetually maintain a sense of urgency, the "heart that fears no death," and to avoid being numbed by short-term gains and安逸 environments. Concretely, leaders should regularly engage in self-reflection, asking whether success has dulled their sensitivity to market changes or eroded their commitment to the spirit of endeavor. Simultaneously, they should design mechanisms—such as internal entrepreneurship platforms or innovation incubation programs—to reimmerse their teams in the urgency of "building from zero to one." Tencent, despite its immense scale, encourages internal competition, which gave birth to innovative products like WeChat. Tian Dan's eventual "rousing his spirit to approach the city walls, personally facing arrows and stones" proves that leaders leading by example and returning to the front lines is the key to revitalizing morale. Business leaders, too, should regularly venture to the operational forefront to understand the true state of customers and employees, avoiding bureaucratization. The modern value of this ancient military case lies in this: success is not a permanent insurance policy. Only by sustaining the enterprising drive of "attacking Di" and the crisis awareness of "Jimo" can one remain undefeated in the arena of commerce.