第119篇 昌国君乐毅为燕昭王合五国之兵而攻齐

出处:战国策·燕策二

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📜 原文(文言文)

昌国君乐毅为燕昭王合五国之兵而攻齐,下七十余城,尽郡县之以属燕。唯莒、即墨未下。会燕昭王卒,惠王立,以骑劫代之,乐毅奔赵。齐田单以即墨破燕军,杀骑劫,复齐地。惠王悔之,使人让乐毅,且谢之曰:‘先王举国而委将军,将军为燕破齐,报先王之雠,天下莫不震动,寡人岂敢一日而忘将军之功哉!会先王弃群臣,寡人新即位,左右误寡人,寡人使骑劫代将军,将军解齐之围而奔赵,将军自为计则可矣,而何以报先王之所以遇将军之意乎?’乐毅使人献书报燕王曰:‘臣不佞,不能奉承先王之教,以顺左右之心,恐抵斧质之罪,以伤先王之明,而又害于足下之义,故遁逃奔赵。夫免身全功,以明先王之迹者,臣之上计也。离毁辱之非,堕先王之名者,臣之所大恐也。临不测之罪,以幸为利者,义之所不敢出也。臣闻古之君子,交绝不出恶声;忠臣之去也,不洁其名。臣虽不佞,数奉教于君子矣。恐侍御者之亲左右之说,而不察疏远之行也。故敢以书报,唯君之留意焉。’

📖 白话文翻译

Marquis Changguo Yue Yi, serving King Zhao of Yan, led the allied forces of five states to attack Qi, conquering over seventy cities and converting them all into commanderies under Yan's dominion. Only Ju and Jimo remained unconquered. It happened that King Zhao passed away, and King Hui of Yan ascended the throne, replacing Yue Yi with Qi Jie. Yue Yi fled to Zhao. Tian Dan of Qi, relying on Jimo, defeated the Yan army, slew Qi Jie, and recovered the territories of Qi. King Hui, regretting his actions, sent a messenger to reproach Yue Yi and offer apologies, saying: "The late king entrusted the entire state to you, General. You defeated Qi for Yan and avenged the late king's grievance—none under heaven was unmoved. How could I dare forget your merits? Yet it chanced that the late king departed, and I had but newly taken the throne; those about me misled me, and I replaced you with Qi Jie. You lifted the siege of Qi and fled to Zhao—taking thought for yourself was permissible, but how does this repay the late king's discerning favor toward you?" Yue Yi dispatched a messenger bearing a letter in reply to the King of Yan, saying: "I, lacking ability, could not carry out the late king's teachings nor comply with the inclinations of those about you. I feared incurring the penalty of death, thereby dimming the late king's discernment and compromising your righteousness—thus I fled to Zhao. To preserve my person and my reputation, so as to manifest the late king's achievements, was my highest course. To suffer slander and disgrace, tarnishing the late king's name, was my deepest dread. To face unforeseeable guilt and seek advantage by luck is something righteousness forbids me to do. I have heard that gentlemen of antiquity, when severing ties, spoke no ill; loyal ministers, when departing, did not seek to clear their own names. Though I am without ability, I have repeatedly received the teachings of gentlemen. I fear that Your Majesty, heeding those about you, may fail to perceive the conduct of one so distant as myself. Therefore I presume to write this letter and report, hoping that you will give it your attention."

💡 商战启示录

Yue Yi's experience mirrors the modern corporate dilemmas of "overshadowing one's sovereign through merit" and the "succession crisis." King Hui of Yan, swayed by slander, replaced his meritorious general, leading to strategic failure—much like when a new CEO, after the founder's departure, repudiates the predecessor's core strategy and dismisses key executives, precipitating a decline in performance. For instance, after Apple ousted Steve Jobs, product innovation stagnated and market share shrank, until Jobs's return reversed the tide. Yue Yi chose neither self-justification nor defamation, but instead articulated his loyalty through a letter, embodying the workplace wisdom of "parting without harsh words." In modern business, when a professional manager is misunderstood or marginalized, one should maintain professional composure, avoid public conflict, and instead clearly state one's position in written form—such as emails or reports—to preserve personal brand and leave room for potential reinstatement or future opportunities. Meanwhile, leaders must guard against the biases of "those in their inner circle," establishing objective performance evaluation mechanisms to avoid losing core talent due to personal preferences or factional interests. Yue Yi's wisdom also reminds entrepreneurs that during power transitions, ensuring strategic continuity and talent stability is paramount; otherwise, the enterprise may repeat the downfall of the state of Yan.