第202篇 田单将攻狄

出处:战国策·齐策六

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📜 原文(文言文)

田单将攻狄,往见鲁仲子。仲子曰:“将军攻狄,不能下也。”田单曰:“臣以五里之城,七里之郭,破亡余卒,破万乘之燕,复齐墟。攻狄而不下,何也?”上车弗谢而去。遂攻狄,三月而不克之也。齐婴儿谣曰:“大冠若箕,修剑拄颐,攻狄不能下,垒枯丘。”田单乃惧,问鲁仲子曰:“先生谓单不能下狄,请闻其说。”鲁仲子曰:“将军之在即墨,坐而织蒉,立则丈插,为士卒倡曰:‘无可往矣!宗庙亡矣!魂魄丧矣!归于何党矣!’当此之时,将军有死之心,而士卒无生之气,闻若言,莫不挥泣奋臂而欲战,此所以破燕也。当今将军东有夜邑之奉,西有淄上之娱,黄金横带,而驰乎淄、渑之间,有生之乐,无死之心,所以不胜者也。”田单曰:“单有心,先生志之矣。”明日乃厉气循城,立于矢石之所,乃援枹鼓之,狄人乃下。

📖 白话文翻译

Tian Dan was about to attack the Di stronghold, and went to visit Master Lu Zhongzi. Master Lu Zhongzi said, "General, if you attack Di, you will not be able to take it." Tian Dan said, "I once, with an inner city of five li and an outer city of seven li, led broken and defeated remnants, vanquished the mighty state of Yan, and restored the territories of Qi. If I could not take Di, why should that be?" With these words, he mounted his carriage and departed without taking leave. He then proceeded to attack Di, but after three months, he had still not succeeded. The children of Qi sang a rhyme: "His great cap like a winnowing basket, His long sword propping his chin— He attacks Di but cannot take it, And bleached bones pile up like hills." Only then did Tian Dan grow afraid, and he asked Master Lu Zhongzi, saying, "Sir, you said I could not take Di—may I hear your reasoning?" Master Lu Zhongzi replied, "When the General was at Jimo, when seated you wove grass baskets, when standing you wielded shovel and spade, and you urged your soldiers on, saying: 'There is nowhere left to go! The ancestral temples are destroyed! Our very souls are lost! Where else can we turn?' In those days, the General harbored the resolve to die, and the soldiers had no thought of survival. Hearing your words, there was not one who did not wipe away tears and raise his arms, eager for battle—this was the reason you defeated Yan. But now, to the east the General holds the fief of Yeyi, to the west you have the pleasures of the Zi River; with a golden belt at your waist, you gallop between the Zi and Mian rivers, knowing the joy of living, without the resolve to die—this is the reason you cannot prevail." Tian Dan said, "That I harbor such thoughts—you, sir, have already perceived them." The next day, he roused his spirits, inspected the city walls, stood where arrows and stones flew thick, and personally seized the drumsticks to sound the charge—and only then was Di conquered.

💡 商战启示录

The success and failure of Tian Dan's campaign against Di reveals the decisive influence of a leader's mindset on organizational combat effectiveness. During his time in Jimo, Tian Dan shared hardships with his soldiers, harboring a "resolve to die," and the entire team was united in purpose—thus creating the miracle of defeating a stronger force with a weaker one. Yet when he ascended to high position, enjoying the pleasures of his fiefdom and losing his sense of urgency, the team's fighting spirit dissipated, and even the small city of Di proved impossible to conquer. This mirrors modern business: in their early stages, many enterprises have leaders who work on the front lines and endure hardship, forging strong team cohesion that overcomes challenges. But once companies grow large, if leaders sink into comfort zones and detach from the market and their employees, the organization breeds bureaucracy and inefficiency, ultimately falling to competitors. For instance, Nokia, once a mobile phone giant, saw its executives grow complacent after succeeding in the feature-phone era, failing to respond promptly to the smartphone wave, and its market share was gradually eroded by Apple and the Android camp. Conversely, Huawei's Ren Zhengfei has consistently emphasized "wolf-like tenacity" and "self-criticism," maintaining a sense of crisis even as an industry leader, continuously investing in R&D to sustain organizational vitality. Therefore, business leaders must guard against the "prosperity disease," preserve their founding spirit, and stay in resonance with their teams to achieve sustained victory.