Replacement

Replacement refers to the act in international trade where, due to quality defects, specification mismatches, transportation damage, or wrong shipment, the seller replaces the original non-conforming goods with qualified goods according to the contract or mutual agreement. Usage scenarios include: the buyer files a claim after receiving the goods and requests the seller to send supplementary or replacement goods; or the seller proactively arranges a replacement after discovering an error. Precautions: before replacement, clarify liability (e.g., whether it is the seller's responsibility), cost bearing (e.g., freight, tariffs), replacement time limit, and whether it affects presentation under a letter of credit; if return shipment is involved, customs declaration for return or 'returned goods' procedures must be handled, and if the original export tax rebate has already been processed, it must be repaid or adjusted. Unlike 'return of goods,' replacement does not terminate the contract; it only substitutes qualified goods. Unlike 'supplementary shipment,' which usually refers to making up for a shortage in quantity, replacement emphasizes substituting new goods for old ones. Unlike 'repair,' replacement is a complete substitution rather than restoration. Replacement clauses should be written into the contract, specifying inspection standards, replacement cycle, and dispute resolution methods.