The concept of 'sustainable development' has evolved significantly since its popularization in the 1987 Brundtland Report. Initially, it was framed primarily as an environmental concern, emphasizing the need to balance economic growth with ecological preservation. However, contemporary scholarship argues that sustainability is inherently multidimensional, encompassing social equity, economic viability, and environmental integrity. Recent studies highlight the role of technological innovation and policy integration in achieving these goals, yet they also caution against over-reliance on market-based solutions. Critics point out that without robust governance and community engagement, sustainability initiatives may exacerbate existing inequalities. Thus, the modern discourse advocates for a holistic approach that recognizes the interdependence of human well-being and planetary health, urging policymakers to adopt adaptive and participatory strategies.
❓ この文章によると、市場ベースの解決策が持続可能性を達成する上での主な限界は何ですか？
A. A) それらは発展途上国にとって高すぎる。
B. B) 適切に管理されない場合、既存の社会的不平等を悪化させる可能性がある。
C. C) 彼らは環境問題のみに焦点を当て、経済成長を無視している。
D. D) 彼らはまだ利用可能ではない過度な技術革新を必要としている。
✅ 正确答案
B) They may worsen existing social inequalities if not properly governed.
IELTS Reading Tips
Skim the questions first, underline keywords, then locate in the passage
Watch for paraphrasing; correct answers are often reworded
Be wary of absolute statements (all, always, never) — usually wrong
Pay attention to content after transition words (however, but, yet)
Manage time: about 20 minutes per passage; skip difficult questions first