The concept of 'sustainable development' has evolved significantly since its popularization in the 1987 Brundtland Report. Initially, it was framed primarily as an environmental concern, emphasizing the need to balance economic growth with ecological preservation. However, contemporary scholarship argues that sustainability is inherently multidimensional, encompassing social equity, economic viability, and environmental integrity. Recent studies highlight the role of technological innovation and policy integration in achieving these goals, yet they also caution against over-reliance on market-based solutions. Critics point out that without robust governance and community engagement, sustainability initiatives may exacerbate existing inequalities. Thus, the modern discourse advocates for a holistic approach that recognizes the interdependence of human well-being and planetary health, urging policymakers to adopt adaptive and participatory strategies.
❓ According to the passage, what is the main limitation of market-based solutions in achieving sustainability?
A. A) They are too expensive for developing countries.
B. B) They may worsen existing social inequalities if not properly governed.
C. C) They focus only on environmental issues and ignore economic growth.
D. D) They require excessive technological innovation that is not yet available.
✅ 正确答案
B) They may worsen existing social inequalities if not properly governed.
IELTS Reading Tips
Skim the questions first, underline keywords, then locate in the passage
Watch for paraphrasing; correct answers are often reworded
Be wary of absolute statements (all, always, never) — usually wrong
Pay attention to content after transition words (however, but, yet)
Manage time: about 20 minutes per passage; skip difficult questions first