The concept of 'ecological resilience' has gained prominence in environmental science as a framework for understanding how ecosystems respond to disturbances. Unlike traditional stability, which emphasizes return to a pre-disturbance state, resilience focuses on the capacity of a system to absorb shocks, reorganize, and maintain its essential functions. A resilient ecosystem may shift to a new state that is functionally similar but structurally distinct. This perspective challenges management strategies that aim solely at preserving historical conditions, suggesting instead that adaptive governance should anticipate change and foster diversity. Critics argue, however, that resilience theory is difficult to operationalize due to vague metrics and the complexity of defining thresholds. Nevertheless, it remains a valuable heuristic for policy-making in an era of rapid global change.
❓ 文章によると、伝統的な安定性と生態学的レジリエンスの主な違いは何ですか？
A. 伝統的な安定性は構造的変化を優先する一方、レジリエンスは元の状態への回帰に焦点を当てる。
B. 伝統的な安定性は、撹乱前の状態への回帰を重視するのに対し、レジリエンスは構造的変化があっても機能の継続を可能にする。
C. レジリエンスは衝撃を吸収するという考えを拒否し、一方で安定性はシステムの再編成を促進する。
D. レジリエンスは海洋生態系にのみ適用され、一方で安定性は陸上生態系に適用される。
✅ 正确答案
Traditional stability emphasizes returning to a pre-disturbance state, while resilience allows for functional continuity despite structural change.
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