The concept of 'sustainable development' has evolved significantly since its popularization in the 1987 Brundtland Report. Initially, it was framed primarily as an environmental concern, emphasizing the need to balance economic growth with ecological preservation. However, contemporary scholarship argues that sustainability is inherently multidimensional, encompassing social equity, economic viability, and environmental integrity. Recent studies highlight the role of technological innovation and policy integration in achieving these goals, yet they also caution against over-reliance on market-based solutions. Critics point out that without robust governance and community engagement, sustainability initiatives may exacerbate existing inequalities. Thus, the modern discourse advocates for a holistic approach that recognizes the interdependence of human well-being and planetary health, urging policymakers to adopt adaptive and participatory strategies.
❓ Según el pasaje, ¿cuál es la principal limitación de las soluciones basadas en el mercado para lograr la sostenibilidad?
A. Son demasiado caros para los países en desarrollo.
B. B) Pueden empeorar las desigualdades sociales existentes si no se gobiernan adecuadamente.
C. C) Se centran únicamente en los problemas ambientales e ignoran el crecimiento económico.
D. D) Requieren una innovación tecnológica excesiva que aún no está disponible.
✅ 正确答案
B) They may worsen existing social inequalities if not properly governed.
IELTS Reading Tips
Skim the questions first, underline keywords, then locate in the passage
Watch for paraphrasing; correct answers are often reworded
Be wary of absolute statements (all, always, never) — usually wrong
Pay attention to content after transition words (however, but, yet)
Manage time: about 20 minutes per passage; skip difficult questions first