第208篇 燕昭王收破燕后即位

出处:战国策·燕策一

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📜 原文(文言文)

燕昭王收破燕后即位,卑身厚币,以招贤者,欲将以报雠。故往见郭隗先生曰:“齐因孤国之乱而袭破燕。孤极知燕小力少,不足以报。然得贤士与共国,以雪先王之耻,孤之愿也。敢问以国报雠者奈何?”郭隗先生对曰:“帝者与师处,王者与友处,霸者与臣处,亡国与役处。诎指而事之,北面而受学,则百己者至。先趋而后息,先问而后嘿,则什己者至。人趋已趋,则若己者至。冯几据杖,眄视指使,则厮役之人至。若恣睢奋击,呴藉叱咄,则徒隶之人至矣。此古服道致士之法也。王诚博选国中之贤者,而朝其门下,天下闻王朝其贤臣,天下之士必趋于燕矣。”昭王曰:“寡人将谁朝而可?”郭隗先生曰:“臣闻古之君人,有以千金求千里马者,三年不能得。涓人言于君曰:‘请求之。’君遣之。三月得千里马,马已死,买其首五百金,反以报君。君大怒曰:‘所求者生马,安事死马而捐五百金?’涓人对曰:‘死马且买之五百金,况生马乎?天下必以王为能市马,马今至矣。’于是不能期年,千里之马至者三。今王诚欲致士,先从隗始。隗且见事,况贤于隗者乎?岂远千里哉?”于是昭王为隗筑宫而师之。乐毅自魏往,邹衍自齐往,剧辛自赵往,士争凑燕。燕王吊死问生,与百姓同其甘苦。二十八年,燕国殷富,士卒乐佚轻战。于是遂以乐毅为上将军,与秦、楚、三晋合谋以伐齐。齐兵败,闵王出走于外。燕兵独追北,入至临淄,尽取齐宝,烧其宫室宗庙。齐城之不下者,唯独莒、即墨。

📖 白话文翻译

King Zhao of Yan ascended the throne after reclaiming his shattered kingdom. He humbled himself and offered lavish rewards to attract worthy talents, hoping to rely on them to avenge his state. Thus he went to visit Master Guo Wei and said, "Qi took advantage of our internal turmoil to breach and plunder Yan. I know well that Yan is weak and lacks the strength for vengeance. Yet if I could obtain wise men to govern the state together and wash away the shame of my predecessors, that would be my wish. Pray tell, how should one proceed to avenge the state?" Master Guo Wei replied, "Monarchs who achieve imperial dominion treat the worthy as teachers; those who achieve kingly rule treat them as friends; those who achieve hegemony treat them as ministers; while rulers who bring ruin to their states treat them as menial servants. If one humbles himself to serve the worthy, facing north to receive instruction, then talents surpassing him a hundredfold will arrive; if one acts before the worthy and rests after them, seeks counsel before them and falls silent after them, then talents surpassing him tenfold will come; if one follows the same path as others, then those of equal ability will arrive; if one leans on a table, grasps a staff, glances askance, and points and commands, then only servile sorts will come; if one indulges in tyranny and casual rebukes, then only slaves will come. Such are the ancient methods of practicing true kingship and summoning talent. If Your Majesty broadly selects the worthy within the state and personally calls upon their doors, when all under heaven hear that the king visits worthy ministers, the world's sages will surely vie to hasten to Yan." King Zhao asked, "Whom should I visit first as most fitting?" Master Guo Wei said, "I have heard that in antiquity a ruler offered a thousand gold pieces for a thousand-li steed, yet three years passed without acquiring one. A retainer said, 'Allow me to seek it.' The ruler dispatched him. In three months he found such a steed, but it had already died; he then bought its head for five hundred gold pieces and returned to report. The ruler flew into a rage, saying, 'I wanted a living horse—how could you spend five hundred gold on a dead one?' The retainer replied, 'If a dead horse is bought for five hundred gold, how much more a living one? All under heaven will surely deem Your Majesty skilled in buying horses, and steeds will soon arrive.' Thereupon, within less than a year, three thousand-li steeds were delivered. Now if Your Majesty truly wishes to attract worthy men, pray begin with me, Guo Wei. If I am still honored, how much more those more worthy than I? Would they begrudge a thousand li of distance and not come?" Thus King Zhao built a grand residence for Guo Wei and honored him as his teacher. Yue Yi came from Wei, Zou Yan from Qi, and Ju Xin from Zhao—worthy men rushed in competition to Yan. King Zhao mourned the dead, comforted the living, and shared hardships and joys with the common folk. After twenty-eight years, Yan grew prosperous and abundant; its soldiers felt at ease and were eager to fight for the state. Thereupon King Zhao appointed Yue Yi as supreme general, and together with Qin, Chu, and the Three Jin states, they plotted to attack Qi. The Qi army suffered a great defeat, and King Min of Qi fled abroad. The Yan forces alone pursued the routed enemy, breached Linzi, seized all of Qi's treasures, and burned its palaces and ancestral temples. Of Qi's cities, only Ju and Jimo remained unconquered.

💡 商战启示录

The story of King Zhao of Yan reveals the core logic of "talent strategy" in modern commercial warfare. Facing a shattered landscape, he did not lure with short-term gains but instead established trust among the worthy through the ultimate respect of "building a palace and serving as their disciple," creating a siphon effect where "scholars vied to flock to Yan." This mirrors Apple's invitation to Tim Cook, or how Silicon Valley firms attract top engineers with equity and vision—first setting a benchmark, then drawing like-minded talent. Guo Wei's strategy of "buying a thousand-li horse's bones with gold" manifests in business as "premium investment" in key talent: Google's hefty acquisition of small AI teams not only secures technology but also signals to the market its commitment to innovation, thereby attracting more exceptional minds. King Zhao's sharing of hardships with his people corresponds to modern corporate culture building, such as Haidilao's care for its employees, igniting internal cohesion and enabling "soldiers to delight in ease and fight lightly," achieving efficient execution in market competition. The "united plot to attack Qi" serves as a warning that enterprises must prudently choose strategic alliances, as Huawei collaborates with partners to break through technological barriers while guarding against betrayal by allies. Ultimately, King Zhao's triumph through long-termism reminds entrepreneurs to exercise patience in talent investment, not to be shortsighted by immediate costs—just as Amazon persisted in cloud computing through prolonged losses and ultimately dominated the field. The modern lesson of this case is that victory in commercial warfare hinges not on the abundance of resources, but on the ability to build a talent ecosystem with sincerity and foresight, transforming that culture into sustained competitiveness.