雅思阅读

📖 Reading Passage

The concept of 'environmental justice' emerged in the late 20th century, primarily from grassroots movements in the United States that highlighted the disproportionate burden of pollution borne by low-income communities and minorities. Scholars have since expanded the term to encompass global disparities, where developing nations often experience the harshest effects of climate change despite contributing least to greenhouse gas emissions. This paradox raises critical questions about equity and responsibility. While some argue for a principle of 'common but differentiated responsibilities,' others contend that market-based mechanisms, such as carbon trading, can effectively address these imbalances without stifling economic growth. However, critics point out that such mechanisms may prioritize efficiency over fairness, potentially perpetuating existing inequalities. Ultimately, achieving environmental justice requires a nuanced balance between ecological sustainability, economic development, and social equity, a challenge that demands interdisciplinary approaches and international cooperation.