雅思阅读

📖 Reading Passage

The concept of 'planned obsolescence' has long been a cornerstone of consumer electronics manufacturing. This strategy involves designing products with a limited lifespan, encouraging consumers to replace them frequently. While proponents argue that it drives innovation and economic growth, critics contend that it leads to environmental degradation and resource depletion. Recent studies suggest a shift towards 'circular economy' models, where products are designed for durability, repairability, and recyclability. This transition, however, faces significant barriers, including consumer habits, corporate profit structures, and the lack of standardized regulations. Ultimately, the debate highlights a fundamental tension between short-term economic gains and long-term sustainability.