The concept of 'planned obsolescence' has long been a cornerstone of consumer electronics manufacturing, yet its environmental implications are increasingly under scrutiny. This strategy, whereby products are intentionally designed with a limited lifespan to encourage repeat purchases, contributes significantly to electronic waste. Recent studies suggest that while consumers benefit from lower upfront costs and access to newer technology, the long-term ecological cost is substantial. Manufacturers argue that planned obsolescence drives innovation and economic growth, but critics contend that it fosters a 'throwaway culture' that depletes natural resources and exacerbates pollution. A proposed solution involves shifting towards a circular economy model, where products are designed for durability, repairability, and eventual recycling. However, implementing such a model requires not only corporate policy changes but also a fundamental shift in consumer behavior and regulatory frameworks. The debate remains polarized, balancing economic pragmatism against environmental stewardship.
❓ According to the passage, what is a primary criticism of planned obsolescence?
A. It leads to higher upfront costs for consumers.
B. It discourages technological innovation.
C. It contributes to environmental degradation through increased waste.
D. It reduces the availability of newer technology.
✅ 正确答案
It contributes to environmental degradation through increased waste.
IELTS Reading Tips
Skim the questions first, underline keywords, then locate in the passage
Watch for paraphrasing; correct answers are often reworded
Be wary of absolute statements (all, always, never) — usually wrong
Pay attention to content after transition words (however, but, yet)
Manage time: about 20 minutes per passage; skip difficult questions first