雅思阅读

📖 Reading Passage

The concept of 'planned obsolescence' has long been a cornerstone of consumer electronics manufacturing, yet its environmental implications are increasingly under scrutiny. This strategy, whereby products are intentionally designed with a limited lifespan to encourage repeat purchases, contributes significantly to electronic waste. Recent studies suggest that while consumers benefit from lower upfront costs and access to newer technology, the long-term ecological cost is substantial. Manufacturers argue that planned obsolescence drives innovation and economic growth, but critics contend that it fosters a 'throwaway culture' that depletes natural resources and exacerbates pollution. A proposed solution involves shifting towards a circular economy model, where products are designed for durability, repairability, and eventual recycling. However, implementing such a model requires not only corporate policy changes but also a fundamental shift in consumer behavior and regulatory frameworks. The debate remains polarized, balancing economic pragmatism against environmental stewardship.