The concept of sustainable development has evolved significantly since its introduction in the 1987 Brundtland Report. Initially, it emphasized the balance between economic growth and environmental protection. However, recent scholarly discourse argues that this framework often neglects social equity, particularly in developing nations. Researchers now advocate for a more integrated approach that considers the interdependence of ecological, economic, and social systems. For instance, a study by Martinez-Alier (2021) demonstrated that environmental policies in Latin America frequently fail when they disregard local community rights. Consequently, sustainable development is no longer viewed as a mere environmental issue but as a complex socio-ecological challenge requiring interdisciplinary solutions.