The concept of sustainable development has evolved significantly since its introduction in the 1987 Brundtland Report. Initially, it emphasized the balance between economic growth and environmental protection. However, recent scholarly discourse argues that this framework often neglects social equity, particularly in developing nations. Researchers now advocate for a more integrated approach that considers the interdependence of ecological, economic, and social systems. For instance, a study by Martinez-Alier (2021) demonstrated that environmental policies in Latin America frequently fail when they disregard local community rights. Consequently, sustainable development is no longer viewed as a mere environmental issue but as a complex socio-ecological challenge requiring interdisciplinary solutions.
❓ Según el pasaje, ¿cuál es la crítica principal al marco tradicional de desarrollo sostenible?
A. Se centra demasiado en el crecimiento económico a expensas del medio ambiente.
B. Pasa por alto la dimensión social, especialmente en las regiones más pobres.
C. Se basa en datos desactualizados de los años 1980.
D. Ignora el papel de las organizaciones internacionales.
✅ 正确答案
It overlooks the social dimension, especially in poorer regions.
IELTS Reading Tips
Skim the questions first, underline keywords, then locate in the passage
Watch for paraphrasing; correct answers are often reworded
Be wary of absolute statements (all, always, never) — usually wrong
Pay attention to content after transition words (however, but, yet)
Manage time: about 20 minutes per passage; skip difficult questions first