第236篇 人有恶苏秦于燕王者(重出)

出处:战国策·燕策三

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📜 原文(文言文)

人有恶苏秦于燕王者,曰:“武安君,天下不信人也。王以万乘下之,尊之于廷,示天下与小人群也。”武安君从齐来,而燕王不馆也。谓燕王曰:“臣东周之鄙人也,见足下身无咫尺之功,而亲迎之于郊,而君以国士遇臣。今者来,而王不馆臣,臣恐天下之士,闻之而不信也。且臣之事王,务存国家,使诸侯服从,而王不察,反以臣为不信。夫忠信者,所以自为也;非所以为人也。岂有掩人之所短,而扬己之所长乎?昔者曾参之孝,人莫不知;而母之信也,三告而疑之。臣闻忠信者,不为人所疑也。今臣远行千里,以效愚忠,而王疑臣,臣恐天下之士,将不利于王矣。且夫信行者,所以自为也,非所以为人也。臣闻:忠信之行,可以自勉,不可以责人。且臣之所谓忠信者,非谓尽忠于人也。臣闻:忠臣之事君也,必择君而仕;孝子之事亲也,必择父而事。故忠臣不事二君,贞女不更二夫。今王欲用臣,臣请效死以报;若王疑臣,臣请远引而去。臣闻:善始者不必善终,善作者不必善成。昔者伍子胥说听乎阖闾,故吴王远迹至于郢;夫差不然,赐之属镂以死。故忠臣不避重诛,以正谏君,而君不察,则忠臣亦将去矣。且臣闻:行者非为利也,故不避其难;言者非为名也,故不辞其罪。今臣以忠信事王,而王疑臣,臣请从此辞矣。”燕王曰:“先生复就故位。”苏秦曰:“臣闻:忠信者,人之所贵也,而王疑之,臣恐天下有识之士,闻之而不肯事王矣。”遂去之赵。

📖 白话文翻译

Someone slandered Su Qin in front of the King of Yan, saying: "The Lord of Wu'an, Su Qin, is the most untrustworthy man in the world. Your Majesty has treated him with the rites due to a sovereign of ten thousand chariots and honored him at court—this shows the world that you consort with petty men." When Su Qin returned from Qi, the King of Yan did not provide him lodging. Su Qin said to the King of Yan: "I am a lowly man from the Eastern Zhou. When I first met you, I had rendered no merit whatsoever, yet you personally came to the outskirts to welcome me and treated me with the courtesy due to a scholar of the realm. Now that I have returned, you do not grant me lodging. I fear that when the士人 of the world hear of this, they will no longer trust you. Moreover, I have served Your Majesty, striving to preserve the state and make the feudal lords submit, yet you do not perceive this and instead deem me disloyal and untrustworthy. What is called loyalty and trustworthiness is meant to be demanded of oneself, not of others. How could one conceal another's shortcomings to vaunt one's own strengths? In former times, Zeng Shen was filial, known to all; his mother trusted him most, yet when three men said Zeng Shen had killed someone, even his mother grew suspicious. I have heard that a loyal and trustworthy man should not be doubted. Now I have traveled a thousand li to offer my foolish loyalty, yet you doubt me. I fear that the士人 of the world will no longer be willing to serve you. Moreover, the practice of faith and righteousness is meant to perfect oneself, not to harshly demand it of others. I have heard: the conduct of loyalty and trustworthiness can spur oneself on, but cannot be required of others. Furthermore, the loyalty and trustworthiness I speak of does not mean being loyal to all alike. I have heard: a loyal minister serving his lord must first choose an enlightened ruler before aiding him; a filial son serving his parents must first choose a kind father before fulfilling his filial duty. Thus a loyal minister does not serve two lords, and a chaste woman does not marry two husbands. Now if you wish to employ me, I am willing to repay you with death; if you doubt me, I beg to depart far away. I have heard: a good beginning does not necessarily have a good end; being skilled at starting does not mean being skilled at finishing. In former times, Wu Zixu's strategies were adopted by Helü, so the King of Wu could reach far to Ying; but Fuchai did not heed him and gave him the Zhulü sword to die by. Therefore, a loyal minister does not avoid heavy punishment to remonstrate frankly with his lord, and if the lord does not reflect, then the loyal minister will also depart. Moreover, I have heard: action is not for profit, so one does not avoid hardship; speech is not for fame, so one does not fear punishment. Now I have served you with loyalty and trustworthiness, yet you doubt me—I beg to take my leave." The King of Yan said: "Sir, return to your former position." Su Qin said: "I have heard that loyalty and trustworthiness are what men hold dear, yet you doubt them. I fear that when the wise of the world hear of this, they will not be willing to serve you." Thereupon he left Yan and went to Zhao.

💡 商战启示录

Su Qin's predicament mirrors the "crisis of trust" often encountered by modern professional managers. When a newly appointed executive or seasoned consultant finds himself questioned by his employer due to rumors, hasty self-defense tends only to muddy the waters further. Su Qin's brilliance lies in this: he first acknowledges that "loyalty and integrity" are self-imposed standards, not demands to be made of others—thereby avoiding direct confrontation with his lord. He then employs the rhetoric of "a loyal minister chooses his lord," subtly implying that if his master withholds trust, he reserves the right to depart—turning the tables on his employer. This teaches us that in the arena of commerce, when faced with doubt, one should not fall into the passive trap of "proving one's innocence," but rather redefine the framework of dialogue—shifting from "Am I loyal?" to "What is the foundation of our partnership?" For instance, if a CEO is suspected by the board of falsifying data, rather than merely presenting reports, he might proactively propose an independent third-party audit, while declaring that should the board's trust prove unattainable, they are free to seek another leader. This strategy of "retreating in order to advance" preserves dignity while compelling the other party to reflect on the basis of their judgment. Moreover, Su Qin's observation that "those who begin well need not end well" serves as a reminder to leaders that trust in collaboration requires continuous cultivation—initial courtesies alone cannot sustain it. Partnership disputes in modern enterprises often stem from one party clinging rigidly to early commitments while neglecting dynamic communication. Su Qin's departure was not a failure, but an act of damage control—in an environment where mutual trust cannot be established, timely withdrawal to seek the next platform where one may "choose one's lord" is the truest responsibility one owes to one's own worth.