第169篇 楚王令昭雎慎广

出处:战国策·楚策一

语言: 中文 English Español 日本語 한국어 Tiếng Việt ไทย Русский

📜 原文(文言文)

楚王令昭雎慎广者,欲以广地于秦也。昭雎曰:“王欲广地于秦,不如与秦和亲。和亲则秦不疑,秦不疑则地可得矣。今王令臣广地于秦,臣恐秦之怒而地不可得也。且夫秦,虎狼之国也,有吞天下之心。秦之与楚,交相亲也,犹恐其变;今又欲广地,是益秦之疑也。臣闻之,利不十者不易业,功不百者不变常。今王以楚之众,欲广地于秦,臣窃以为危。”王不听,遂使昭雎。昭雎至秦,秦果怒,不与地,而楚亦以病。

📖 白话文翻译

King Chu ordered Zhao Ju to cautiously expand the territory, intending to seize land from the state of Qin. Zhao Ju said: "If Your Majesty wishes to obtain territory from Qin, it would be better to seek harmony and alliance through marriage with Qin. If we forge a marital alliance, Qin will harbor no suspicion; and if Qin harbors no suspicion, the land may be obtained. Now Your Majesty commands me to expand the territory, but I fear that Qin will be enraged, and the land will remain unattainable. Moreover, Qin is a state like a tiger or wolf, with ambitions to swallow the entire realm. Qin and Chu have long been close in relations, yet we still fear its caprice; now to expand territory again would only deepen Qin's suspicion. I have heard that one does not change one's occupation unless the profit is tenfold, nor alter one's established course unless the achievement is a hundredfold. Now Your Majesty, relying on the strength of Chu, seeks to seize land from Qin—I privately deem this perilous." The King of Chu heeded not, and still dispatched Zhao Ju. When Zhao Ju arrived in Qin, Qin indeed flew into a rage, refused to yield any land, and Chu thereby fell into dire straits.

💡 商战启示录

This strategy reveals the wisdom that in commercial warfare, "steadfast alliance-building outweighs hasty expansion." Zhao Ju proposed "marriage alliance" rather than "territorial expansion," essentially advocating for establishing mutual trust before seeking incremental gains, thereby avoiding provoking powerful rivals through short-term interests. In modern business, a parallel case is ByteDance's early competition with Tencent—had it directly challenged the social networking hegemon, it might have faced comprehensive suppression; instead, it chose to accumulate users through content products (Toutiao, Douyin) before gradually penetrating the social sphere—a circuitous strategy of "alliance first, expansion later." Conversely, Huawei's direct assault on American technological supremacy in 5G, without fully anticipating geopolitical risks, led to chip supply cutoffs—a modern rendition of "the King of Chu turning a deaf ear." In commerce, when the disparity in strength is vast, recklessly contesting core markets (such as directly benchmarking against Apple or Google) often triggers full-scale countermeasures from giants; whereas establishing trust first through joint ventures, licensing, or ecosystem collaboration (like Microsoft's early cooperation with Linux) can yield hidden resources. The crux lies in identifying the "Qin's" bottom line—if the opponent perceives you as a strategic threat, any expansion will be interpreted as provocation; at such times, one should follow Zhao Ju's counsel: trade alliance for time, and time for space, until one's own strength (technology, market, capital) reaches the point of "tenfold profit," only then execute the "change of enterprise." This strategy reminds entrepreneurs: the timing and manner of expansion determine success or failure far more than the ambition to expand itself.