Dual-Use (Civil-Military)

Dual-Use (Civil-Military) refers to goods, technologies, and services that can be used for both civilian and military purposes or that contribute to enhancing military capabilities. In foreign trade, this term commonly appears in export control, license application, and compliance review scenarios. Companies should note: dual-use items are typically strictly regulated by international multilateral mechanisms (such as the Wassenaar Arrangement) and national export control regulations (such as China's Export Control Law and the U.S. EAR). Before exporting, it is essential to confirm whether the item is listed on control lists and to apply for the corresponding license. Unlike 'military goods,' dual-use items are primarily designed for civilian use but possess military potential; it is often used synonymously with 'dual-use item,' though the latter emphasizes the dual application of technology. Precautions include: end-user and end-use review, preventing re-export to sanctioned countries, and retaining complete transaction records. Distinction: purely civilian items carry no military risk, purely military goods are restricted to military use only, while dual-use items require balancing commercial and security considerations.