Wholesale

Wholesale is a core term in international trade, referring to the act of businesses selling goods in bulk to retailers, distributors, or other businesses, usually not directly to end consumers. Its characteristics include: large transaction volumes, low unit prices, primarily B2B models, and it is commonly found in the intermediate links of the supply chain. Usage scenarios include: exporters selling full container loads to overseas wholesalers, importers purchasing in large quantities from foreign suppliers, etc. Precautions: Wholesale prices are usually relative to retail prices, and it is necessary to clarify the minimum order quantity (MOQ), payment methods (such as T/T, L/C), and delivery terms (such as FOB, CIF). The difference from 'retail' lies in the sales target and quantity; the difference from 'distribution' is that distribution may involve exclusive agency or regional division. Foreign trade practitioners need to pay attention to wholesale clauses in contracts, avoid direct competition with retail customers, and focus on compliance issues such as anti-dumping and tariffs.