The concept of 'environmental literacy' has evolved significantly over the past decades, moving beyond mere awareness of ecological issues to encompass a complex set of skills and dispositions. Contemporary scholars argue that true environmental literacy requires not only knowledge of natural systems but also the ability to critically evaluate information, engage in civic deliberation, and take informed action. This shift reflects a broader pedagogical trend towards 'action competence', where learners are empowered to identify and address sustainability challenges in their local contexts. However, critics caution that an overemphasis on individual action may obscure the systemic and political dimensions of environmental problems, such as corporate responsibility and policy reform. Thus, a balanced approach is needed, one that integrates personal behavioral change with collective advocacy for structural change.
❓ According to the passage, what is a major criticism of the 'action competence' approach?
A. It focuses too much on theoretical knowledge rather than practical skills.
B. It neglects the role of individual responsibility in environmental protection.
C. It may overlook the need for systemic and political solutions.
D. It is too difficult for learners to implement in local settings.
✅ 正确答案
It may overlook the need for systemic and political solutions.
IELTS Reading Tips
Skim the questions first, underline keywords, then locate in the passage
Watch for paraphrasing; correct answers are often reworded
Be wary of absolute statements (all, always, never) — usually wrong
Pay attention to content after transition words (however, but, yet)
Manage time: about 20 minutes per passage; skip difficult questions first