The concept of 'planned obsolescence' has long been a cornerstone of industrial design, yet its environmental ramifications are increasingly under scrutiny. Originally conceived as a means to stimulate economic growth by encouraging repeat purchases, this strategy involves deliberately designing products with a limited useful life. Critics argue that this practice accelerates resource depletion and exacerbates waste management crises. Proponents, however, contend that continuous innovation and technological advancement are inherently linked to shorter product lifecycles. Recent studies in sustainable consumer behavior suggest that a shift towards modular design and repairability could mitigate these adverse effects, though such changes require substantial industry restructuring and a redefinition of consumer expectations. The debate underscores a fundamental tension between economic imperatives and ecological sustainability.
❓ What is the main argument presented by critics of planned obsolescence, as described in the passage?
A. It hinders technological innovation.
B. It leads to faster depletion of natural resources and increased waste.
C. It reduces consumer choice in the marketplace.
D. It is economically unsustainable in the long term.
✅ 正确答案
It leads to faster depletion of natural resources and increased waste.
IELTS Reading Tips
Skim the questions first, underline keywords, then locate in the passage
Watch for paraphrasing; correct answers are often reworded
Be wary of absolute statements (all, always, never) — usually wrong
Pay attention to content after transition words (however, but, yet)
Manage time: about 20 minutes per passage; skip difficult questions first