The concept of 'environmental determinism' posits that human activities and societal development are largely shaped by climatic and geographical conditions. While this theory gained prominence in the early 20th century, it has been criticized for oversimplifying the complex interplay between nature and culture. Contemporary scholars argue that technological advancements and globalization have diminished the direct influence of environment, yet they acknowledge that resource scarcity and climate change still impose significant constraints on human societies. This nuanced perspective suggests that environmental factors are not deterministic but rather act as one of several variables in a dynamic system of socio-economic adaptation.
❓ 지문에 따르면, 환경적 영향에 대한 현재 학계의 견해는 무엇인가?
A. A. 환경적 요인이 사회 발전의 유일한 결정 요인이다.
B. B. 기술이 환경적 제약을 완전히 제거했다.
C. C. 환경은 사회에 영향을 미치는 여러 요인 중 하나일 뿐, 절대적인 결정 요인은 아니다.
D. D. 기후 변화가 기술 발전보다 더 큰 영향을 미친다.
✅ 正确答案
C. Environment is one of several factors affecting societies, not an absolute determinant.
IELTS Reading Tips
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