The concept of 'environmental determinism' posits that human activities and societal development are largely shaped by climatic and geographical conditions. While this theory gained prominence in the early 20th century, it has been criticized for oversimplifying the complex interplay between nature and culture. Contemporary scholars argue that technological advancements and globalization have diminished the direct influence of environment, yet they acknowledge that resource scarcity and climate change still impose significant constraints on human societies. This nuanced perspective suggests that environmental factors are not deterministic but rather act as one of several variables in a dynamic system of socio-economic adaptation.
❓ この文章によると、環境の影響に関する現在の学術的見解は何ですか？
A. A. 環境要因が社会発展の唯一の決定要因である。
B. B. テクノロジーは環境的制約を完全に排除した。
C. C. 環境は社会に影響を与えるいくつかの要因の一つであり、絶対的な決定要因ではない。
D. D. 気候変動は技術進歩よりも大きな影響を与えている。
✅ 正确答案
C. Environment is one of several factors affecting societies, not an absolute determinant.
IELTS Reading Tips
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