The concept of 'environmental determinism' posits that human activities and societal development are largely shaped by climatic and geographical conditions. While this theory gained prominence in the early 20th century, it has been criticized for oversimplifying the complex interplay between nature and culture. Contemporary scholars argue that technological advancements and globalization have diminished the direct influence of environment, yet they acknowledge that resource scarcity and climate change still impose significant constraints on human societies. This nuanced perspective suggests that environmental factors are not deterministic but rather act as one of several variables in a dynamic system of socio-economic adaptation.
❓ 根据文章所述，当前学术界对于环境影响的观点是什么？
A. A. 环境因素是决定社会发展的唯一因素。
B. B. 技术已完全消除了环境限制。
C. C. 环境是影响社会的诸多因素之一，而非绝对的决定因素。
D. D. 气候变化的影响大于技术进步。
✅ 正确答案
C. Environment is one of several factors affecting societies, not an absolute determinant.