The concept of 'environmental virtue' has gained traction in recent years, drawing on Aristotelian ethics to argue that sustainable behavior stems not from external regulation but from cultivated character traits. Scholars like Ronald Sandler contend that virtues such as frugality, humility, and attentiveness to ecological systems are essential for addressing climate change. Unlike rule-based approaches, which prescribe specific actions, virtue ethics emphasizes the development of moral dispositions that naturally lead to environmentally responsible choices. However, critics question whether individual character can meaningfully influence systemic environmental problems, suggesting that structural reforms are more effective. Despite this debate, the integration of virtue ethics into environmental policy discussions highlights a shift from purely economic or legalistic frameworks toward a more holistic understanding of human-nature relationships.
❓ 本文によると、美徳倫理と規則に基づくアプローチの間で、環境問題に対する重要な違いは何か。
A. 美徳倫理は外部の規制に依存する一方、規則に基づくアプローチは個人の品格に焦点を当てる。
B. 徳倫理は育成された性格特性を重視するのに対し、規則に基づくアプローチは特定の行動を規定する。
C. 徳倫理は、システム的な問題を解決する上で、規則に基づくアプローチよりも効果的である。
D. ルールベースのアプローチは、徳倫理とは異なり、アリストテレス倫理学に由来しています。
✅ 正确答案
Virtue ethics emphasizes cultivated character traits, whereas rule-based approaches prescribe specific actions.
IELTS Reading Tips
Skim the questions first, underline keywords, then locate in the passage
Watch for paraphrasing; correct answers are often reworded
Be wary of absolute statements (all, always, never) — usually wrong
Pay attention to content after transition words (however, but, yet)
Manage time: about 20 minutes per passage; skip difficult questions first