The concept of 'environmental virtue' has gained traction in recent years, drawing on Aristotelian ethics to argue that sustainable behavior stems not from external regulation but from cultivated character traits. Scholars like Ronald Sandler contend that virtues such as frugality, humility, and attentiveness to ecological systems are essential for addressing climate change. Unlike rule-based approaches, which prescribe specific actions, virtue ethics emphasizes the development of moral dispositions that naturally lead to environmentally responsible choices. However, critics question whether individual character can meaningfully influence systemic environmental problems, suggesting that structural reforms are more effective. Despite this debate, the integration of virtue ethics into environmental policy discussions highlights a shift from purely economic or legalistic frameworks toward a more holistic understanding of human-nature relationships.
❓ According to the passage, what is a key difference between virtue ethics and rule-based approaches to environmental issues?
A. Virtue ethics relies on external regulations, while rule-based approaches focus on individual character.
B. Virtue ethics emphasizes cultivated character traits, whereas rule-based approaches prescribe specific actions.
C. Virtue ethics is more effective than rule-based approaches in solving systemic problems.
D. Rule-based approaches are derived from Aristotelian ethics, unlike virtue ethics.
✅ 正确答案
Virtue ethics emphasizes cultivated character traits, whereas rule-based approaches prescribe specific actions.
IELTS Reading Tips
Skim the questions first, underline keywords, then locate in the passage
Watch for paraphrasing; correct answers are often reworded
Be wary of absolute statements (all, always, never) — usually wrong
Pay attention to content after transition words (however, but, yet)
Manage time: about 20 minutes per passage; skip difficult questions first