The concept of 'cognitive load' refers to the total amount of mental effort being used in the working memory. In educational psychology, it is often divided into three types: intrinsic, extraneous, and germane. Intrinsic load is inherent to the complexity of the material itself, while extraneous load is generated by the way information is presented to the learner. Germane load, on the other hand, is the effort dedicated to processing and understanding the material, which is beneficial for learning. Research suggests that instructional design should aim to reduce extraneous load and optimize germane load, as the total cognitive capacity is limited. Overloading working memory can hinder the acquisition of new knowledge, especially for novice learners who lack prior schemas to organize information efficiently.
❓ Согласно тексту, какова основная цель педагогического проектирования в отношении когнитивной нагрузки?
A. A. Устранить все виды когнитивной нагрузки для максимальной эффективности обучения.
B. B. Чтобы увеличить внутреннюю когнитивную нагрузку для создания вызова учащимся и содействия более глубокому пониманию.
C. C. Чтобы минимизировать постороннюю нагрузку, одновременно способствуя релевантной нагрузке в условиях ограниченной ёмкости.
D. D. Сосредоточиться исключительно на снижении внутренней когнитивной нагрузки для начинающих учащихся.
✅ 正确答案
C. To minimize extraneous load while facilitating germane load within limited capacity.
IELTS Reading Tips
Skim the questions first, underline keywords, then locate in the passage
Watch for paraphrasing; correct answers are often reworded
Be wary of absolute statements (all, always, never) — usually wrong
Pay attention to content after transition words (however, but, yet)
Manage time: about 20 minutes per passage; skip difficult questions first