The concept of 'cognitive load' refers to the total amount of mental effort being used in the working memory. In educational psychology, it is often divided into three types: intrinsic, extraneous, and germane. Intrinsic load is inherent to the complexity of the material itself, while extraneous load is generated by the way information is presented to the learner. Germane load, on the other hand, is the effort dedicated to processing and understanding the material, which is beneficial for learning. Research suggests that instructional design should aim to reduce extraneous load and optimize germane load, as the total cognitive capacity is limited. Overloading working memory can hinder the acquisition of new knowledge, especially for novice learners who lack prior schemas to organize information efficiently.
❓ 지문에 따르면, 인지 부하와 관련한 교수 설계의 주요 목적은 무엇인가?
A. A. 학습 효율을 극대화하기 위해 모든 유형의 인지 부하를 제거한다.
B. B. 학습자의 도전을 유도하고 더 깊은 이해를 촉진하기 위해 내재적 부하를 증가시키기 위해.
C. C. 제한된 용량 내에서 본질적 부하를 촉진하면서 외부 부하를 최소화하기 위해.
D. D. 초보 학습자를 위해 내재적 부하만 줄이는 데 집중한다.
✅ 正确答案
C. To minimize extraneous load while facilitating germane load within limited capacity.
IELTS Reading Tips
Skim the questions first, underline keywords, then locate in the passage
Watch for paraphrasing; correct answers are often reworded
Be wary of absolute statements (all, always, never) — usually wrong
Pay attention to content after transition words (however, but, yet)
Manage time: about 20 minutes per passage; skip difficult questions first