The concept of 'environmental determinism' has long been debated in geography. Early proponents argued that human behavior and societal development were largely shaped by climatic and geographical conditions. However, this perspective was criticized for oversimplifying complex human-environment interactions and for justifying colonial expansion. Modern scholarship, such as that by Jared Diamond, offers a more nuanced view: while environmental factors can influence the availability of resources and the spread of technologies, they do not dictate cultural or political outcomes. Instead, human agency, historical contingencies, and global interconnectedness play equally critical roles. This shift reflects a broader move in academia toward recognizing the agency of local populations and the importance of context-specific analysis in understanding societal trajectories.
❓ 지문에 따르면, 초기 환경 결정론과 현대 학문 사이의 주요 차이점은 무엇인가?
A. 초기 학자들은 기후의 역할을 무시했지만, 현대 학자들은 이를 강조한다.
B. 현대 학자들은 사회에 대한 모든 환경적 영향을 거부한다.
C. 초기 학자들은 환경을 주요 결정 요인으로 보았으나, 현대 학자들은 이를 여러 요인 중 하나로 간주한다.
D. 현대 학자들은 초기 학자들과 달리 정치적 결과에만 초점을 맞춘다.
✅ 正确答案
Early scholars saw environment as a primary determinant, while modern scholars view it as one factor among many.
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