The concept of 'environmental determinism' has long been a contentious topic in geography. Early proponents, such as Ellsworth Huntington, argued that climate and topography directly shape human behavior and societal development. However, this perspective was heavily criticized in the mid-20th century for its oversimplification and potential to justify colonialism. Contemporary scholars, while rejecting strict determinism, acknowledge that environmental factors can create constraints or opportunities, but human agency and technological innovation often mediate these influences. This nuanced view suggests that the relationship between environment and society is interactive and dynamic, rather than unidirectional.
❓ 本文によると、環境が社会に与える影響に関する学術的思考における主な転換は何か。
A. A) 完全な拒絶から環境決定論の全面的な受容へ。
B. B) 決定論的な視点から、より相互作用的で媒介された視点へ。
C. C) 気候に焦点を当てることから、地形のみに焦点を当てることへ。
D. D) 植民地主義の支持から環境保護の提唱へ。
✅ 正确答案
B) From a deterministic view to a more interactive and mediated perspective.
IELTS Reading Tips
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