The concept of 'environmental determinism' has long been a subject of debate in geography. Early proponents argued that human behavior and societal development were largely shaped by climatic and geographical conditions. However, this view was criticized for oversimplifying complex cultural dynamics and for its potential to justify colonialism. Modern scholars instead advocate for 'possibilism', which posits that while the environment offers a range of possibilities, human agency and technological innovation play a decisive role in shaping outcomes. This shift reflects a broader recognition of the interplay between natural constraints and human creativity, emphasizing that societies are not passive recipients of environmental forces but active agents in their own development.
❓ 지문에 따르면, 환경 결정론과 가능론 사이의 주요 차이점은 무엇인가?
A. A. 결정론은 기후를 무시하는 반면, 가능론은 기후에 초점을 맞춘다.
B. B. 결정론은 인간의 주체성을 강조하는 반면, 가능론은 환경적 통제를 강조한다.
C. C. 결정론은 환경을 결정적인 요소로 보는 반면, 가능론은 인간의 선택과 혁신을 강조한다.
D. D. 결정론은 현대 이론인 반면, 가능론은 구식이다.
✅ 正确答案
C. Determinism sees environment as decisive, while possibilism highlights human choice and innovation.
IELTS Reading Tips
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