The concept of 'cognitive load' refers to the total amount of mental effort being used in the working memory. In educational settings, instructional designers often strive to manage cognitive load to optimize learning. According to cognitive load theory, learning is hampered when the working memory is overloaded with extraneous information that does not contribute to schema construction. This can occur when a lesson includes irrelevant graphics or redundant text. Conversely, intrinsic cognitive load is associated with the complexity of the material itself, which cannot be reduced without simplifying the content. Effective instructional design aims to minimize extraneous load while preserving the necessary intrinsic load, thereby facilitating the acquisition of complex knowledge.
❓ 지문에 따르면, 교수 설계자들의 인지 부하에 관한 주요 목표는 무엇인가?
A. A. 모든 인지 부하를 제거하여 수월한 학습을 보장하기 위해
B. B. 학습자의 도전을 위해 내재적 인지 부하를 증가시키기 위해
C. C. 불필요한 인지 부하를 줄이면서 필요한 내재적 부하는 유지하기 위해
D. D. 더 많은 시각적 요소를 추가하여 참여도를 높이기 위해
✅ 正确答案
C. To reduce extraneous cognitive load while maintaining necessary intrinsic load
IELTS Reading Tips
Skim the questions first, underline keywords, then locate in the passage
Watch for paraphrasing; correct answers are often reworded
Be wary of absolute statements (all, always, never) — usually wrong
Pay attention to content after transition words (however, but, yet)
Manage time: about 20 minutes per passage; skip difficult questions first