The concept of 'cognitive load' refers to the total amount of mental effort being used in the working memory. In educational settings, instructional designers often strive to manage cognitive load to optimize learning. According to cognitive load theory, learning is hampered when the working memory is overloaded with extraneous information that does not contribute to schema construction. This can occur when a lesson includes irrelevant graphics or redundant text. Conversely, intrinsic cognitive load is associated with the complexity of the material itself, which cannot be reduced without simplifying the content. Effective instructional design aims to minimize extraneous load while preserving the necessary intrinsic load, thereby facilitating the acquisition of complex knowledge.
❓ 文章によると、インストラクショナルデザイナーの認知的負荷に関する主な目標は何か。
A. A. 認知負荷をすべて排除し、努力を要しない学習を実現するために
B. B. 学習者に挑戦を与えるために、内発的認知負荷を高めること
C. C. 必要な内在的負荷を維持しつつ、無関係な認知的負荷を軽減するため。
D. D. より多くの視覚的要素を追加して、エンゲージメントを高めること
✅ 正确答案
C. To reduce extraneous cognitive load while maintaining necessary intrinsic load
IELTS Reading Tips
Skim the questions first, underline keywords, then locate in the passage
Watch for paraphrasing; correct answers are often reworded
Be wary of absolute statements (all, always, never) — usually wrong
Pay attention to content after transition words (however, but, yet)
Manage time: about 20 minutes per passage; skip difficult questions first