The concept of 'environmental determinism' has long been debated in geography. Early proponents argued that human behavior and societal development were largely shaped by climatic and geographical conditions. However, this view was criticized for oversimplifying complex cultural interactions and for its potential to justify colonialism. Modern scholars propose a more nuanced approach, emphasizing that while environment can influence possibilities, human agency and technological innovation play equally critical roles. This shift reflects a broader trend in social sciences towards recognizing the interplay between natural and social systems, rather than attributing causality to a single factor.
❓ Какова основная критика раннего экологического детерминизма, упомянутая в отрывке?
A. A. Оно полностью игнорировало роль климата.
B. B. Он чрезмерно подчёркивал влияние окружающей среды и мог поддерживать колониалистские идеологии.
C. C. Он уделял слишком много внимания технологическим инновациям.
D. D. Он не учел географические условия.
✅ 正确答案
B. It overemphasized the influence of environment and could support colonialist ideologies.
IELTS Reading Tips
Skim the questions first, underline keywords, then locate in the passage
Watch for paraphrasing; correct answers are often reworded
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