The concept of 'environmental determinism' has long been debated in geography. Early proponents argued that human behavior and societal development were largely shaped by climatic and geographical conditions. However, this view was criticized for oversimplifying complex cultural interactions and for its potential to justify colonialism. Modern scholars propose a more nuanced approach, emphasizing that while environment can influence possibilities, human agency and technological innovation play equally critical roles. This shift reflects a broader trend in social sciences towards recognizing the interplay between natural and social systems, rather than attributing causality to a single factor.
❓ 본문에서 언급된 초기 환경 결정론에 대한 주요 비판은 무엇인가?
A. A. 그것은 기후의 역할을 완전히 무시했다.
B. B. 그것은 환경의 영향을 지나치게 강조했으며 식민주의 이데올로기를 지지할 수 있었다.
C. C. 기술 혁신에 너무 많은 초점을 맞추었다.
D. D. 지리적 조건을 고려하지 못했다.
✅ 正确答案
B. It overemphasized the influence of environment and could support colonialist ideologies.
IELTS Reading Tips
Skim the questions first, underline keywords, then locate in the passage
Watch for paraphrasing; correct answers are often reworded
Be wary of absolute statements (all, always, never) — usually wrong
Pay attention to content after transition words (however, but, yet)
Manage time: about 20 minutes per passage; skip difficult questions first