The concept of 'environmental determinism' has long been debated in geography. Early proponents argued that human behavior and societal development were largely shaped by climatic and geographical conditions. However, this view was criticized for oversimplifying complex cultural interactions and for its potential to justify colonialism. Modern scholars propose a more nuanced approach, emphasizing that while environment can influence possibilities, human agency and technological innovation play equally critical roles. This shift reflects a broader trend in social sciences towards recognizing the interplay between natural and social systems, rather than attributing causality to a single factor.
❓ この文章で言及されている初期の環境決定論に対する主な批判は何ですか？
A. A. それは気候の役割を完全に無視していた。
B. B. それは環境の影響を過度に強調し、植民地主義のイデオロギーを支持する可能性があった。
C. C. 技術革新に焦点を当てすぎていた。
D. D. 地理的条件を考慮しなかった。
✅ 正确答案
B. It overemphasized the influence of environment and could support colonialist ideologies.
IELTS Reading Tips
Skim the questions first, underline keywords, then locate in the passage
Watch for paraphrasing; correct answers are often reworded
Be wary of absolute statements (all, always, never) — usually wrong
Pay attention to content after transition words (however, but, yet)
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