Controlled Items

Controlled Items refer to goods, technologies, software, etc. for which export licensing or prohibition measures are imposed in accordance with national laws and regulations and international obligations (such as non-proliferation, sanctions, and export controls). Their scope is usually defined by control lists (e.g., China's Catalogue of Dual-Use Items and Technologies Subject to Import and Export License Administration, the U.S. EAR list), covering dual-use items, military goods, nuclear materials, etc. Usage scenarios: export customs declaration, license application, compliance review, screening before contract signing. Precautions: Enterprises must confirm whether the items are on the list, determine the end user and end use, and avoid illegal transshipment or re-export; control standards differ among countries, and the laws of both the exporting and importing countries must be complied with. Difference from 'prohibited export items': controlled items may be exported after obtaining a license, while prohibited items may not be exported under any circumstances; compared with 'sensitive items', controlled items have a clear legal list, while sensitive items may only refer to items that require caution politically or security-wise and do not necessarily require a license.