The concept of 'cognitive load' refers to the total amount of mental effort being used in the working memory. In educational psychology, it is often divided into three types: intrinsic, extraneous, and germane. Intrinsic load is inherent to the complexity of the material itself, while extraneous load is generated by the way information is presented to the learner. Germane load, on the other hand, is the effort devoted to processing and understanding the material, which directly contributes to learning. Research suggests that instructional design should aim to minimize extraneous load to free up cognitive resources for germane processing. However, reducing intrinsic load is more challenging, as it depends on the learner's prior knowledge and the element interactivity of the subject matter. Therefore, effective teaching strategies often involve scaffolding to gradually introduce complex concepts, allowing learners to build schemas without overwhelming their working memory.
❓ Theo đoạn văn, mục đích chính của việc giảm thiểu tải trọng không cần thiết trong thiết kế giảng dạy là gì?
A. Để giảm độ phức tạp tổng thể của chủ đề
B. Để phân bổ thêm nguồn lực tinh thần cho việc học tập có ý nghĩa
C. Để loại bỏ nhu cầu sử dụng giàn giáo trong giảng dạy
D. Để tăng kiến thức nền tảng của người học
✅ 正确答案
To allocate more mental resources for meaningful learning
IELTS Reading Tips
Skim the questions first, underline keywords, then locate in the passage
Watch for paraphrasing; correct answers are often reworded
Be wary of absolute statements (all, always, never) — usually wrong
Pay attention to content after transition words (however, but, yet)
Manage time: about 20 minutes per passage; skip difficult questions first