The concept of 'cognitive load' refers to the total amount of mental effort being used in the working memory. In educational psychology, cognitive load theory suggests that learning is most effective when instructional designs align with human cognitive architecture. Intrinsic load is the inherent difficulty of the material itself, while extraneous load is generated by the way information is presented. Germane load, on the other hand, is the effort devoted to processing and understanding the material, which directly contributes to learning. Research indicates that poorly designed materials can unnecessarily increase extraneous load, thereby reducing the cognitive resources available for germane processing. Therefore, educators should minimize extraneous load by simplifying presentations, while managing intrinsic load through sequencing complex tasks. This approach optimizes the working memory capacity, facilitating deeper learning.
❓ Theo đoạn văn, lý do chính khiến các nhà giáo dục giảm thiểu tải trọng không cần thiết là gì?
A. A. Để giảm độ khó của chính tài liệu học tập.
B. B. Để giải phóng nguồn lực nhận thức cho việc xử lý sâu hơn tài liệu.
C. C. Để tăng tổng lượng nỗ lực tinh thần được sử dụng trong trí nhớ làm việc.
D. D. Để loại bỏ nhu cầu sắp xếp trình tự các nhiệm vụ phức tạp.
✅ 正确答案
B. To free up cognitive resources for deeper processing of the material.
IELTS Reading Tips
Skim the questions first, underline keywords, then locate in the passage
Watch for paraphrasing; correct answers are often reworded
Be wary of absolute statements (all, always, never) — usually wrong
Pay attention to content after transition words (however, but, yet)
Manage time: about 20 minutes per passage; skip difficult questions first