The concept of 'cognitive load' refers to the total amount of mental effort being used in the working memory. In educational psychology, it is often divided into three types: intrinsic, extraneous, and germane. Intrinsic load is inherent to the complexity of the material itself, while extraneous load is generated by the way information is presented to the learner. Germane load, on the other hand, is the effort devoted to processing and understanding the material, which directly contributes to learning. Research suggests that instructional design should aim to minimize extraneous load to free up cognitive resources for germane processing. However, reducing intrinsic load is more challenging, as it depends on the learner's prior knowledge and the element interactivity of the subject matter. Therefore, effective teaching strategies often involve scaffolding to gradually introduce complex concepts, allowing learners to build schemas without overwhelming their working memory.
❓ 文章によると、インストラクショナルデザインにおいて外的負荷を最小化する主な目的は何か。
A. 主題全体の複雑さを軽減するために
B. 意味のある学習により多くの精神的リソースを割り当てるために
C. 教授における足場かけの必要性を排除するために
D. 学習者の既有知識を増やすために
✅ 正确答案
To allocate more mental resources for meaningful learning
IELTS Reading Tips
Skim the questions first, underline keywords, then locate in the passage
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Pay attention to content after transition words (however, but, yet)
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