The concept of 'environmental determinism', which posits that human behavior and societal development are largely shaped by climatic and geographical conditions, has been a subject of intense debate among geographers. Early proponents, such as Ellsworth Huntington, argued that temperate climates fostered industriousness and innovation, while tropical regions were associated with lethargy. However, this perspective has been widely criticized for its ethnocentric bias and oversimplification. Modern scholarship emphasizes the role of human agency, technological adaptation, and cultural factors, suggesting that environmental conditions offer constraints and opportunities rather than fixed outcomes. This shift reflects a broader trend in social sciences towards recognizing the complex interplay between nature and nurture.
❓ 文章中提到的对环境决定论的主要批评是什么？
A. 它过度强调了技术适应。
B. 它忽视了气候对人类行为的影响。
C. 这种观点有失偏颇，且过于简化了环境与社会之间的关系。
D. 它过于关注文化因素。
✅ 正确答案
It is biased and oversimplifies the relationship between environment and society.